Recent research has found empirical evidence in support of the Trivers-Willard Hypothesis that offspring sex allocation is correlated with maternal investment. Tammar wallabies birthing sons have higher investment ability; however a mechanism for sex specific differential allocation of maternal resources in wallabies remains elusive. In metatherians the majority of maternal investment is during...

OBJECTIVES Preterm infants are often fed pasteurized donor milk or mother's milk that has been stored frozen for up to 4 weeks. Our objectives were to assess the impact of pasteurization or prolonged storage at -20 degrees C on the immunologic components of human milk and the capability of the different forms of human milk to support bacterial proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The concentr...

This method was developed and validated to detect and quantitate tilmicosin residues in cow milk over a range of 0.010-10 microg/mL, and in sheep milk over a range of 0.025-0.5 microg/mL. The procedure involves extracting the milk sample with acetonitrile and using a C18 cartridge to perform a solid-phase extraction cleanup of the extract. A reversed-phase gradient liquid chromatography method ...

Recent efforts in biological ontology go to great lengths to unambiguously categorize biological entities and phenomena of the natural world, as well as their relationships with each other. This paper illustrates the importance of unambiguously characterizing mammalian milk because milk is a complex mixture of many chemical components and thus represents a key role in infant nourishment and dev...

BACKGROUND The mammary gland is a conserved site of lipoprotein lipase expression across species and lipoprotein lipase attachment to the luminal surface of mammary gland vascular endothelial cells has been implicated in the direction of circulating triglycerides into milk synthesis during lactation. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we report generation of transgenic mice harboring a human lipoprotein...

Isotopic variation of food stuffs propagates through trophic systems. But, this variation is dampened in each trophic step, due to buffering effects of metabolic and storage pools. Thus, understanding of isotopic variation in trophic systems requires knowledge of isotopic turnover. In animals, turnover is usually quantified in diet-switch experiments in controlled conditions. Such experiments u...

Background Many hydrolyzed cow’s milk (CM) formulas are available for avoidance of allergic reactions in cow’s milk allergic children and for prevention of allergy development in high risk infants. CM formulas were compared regarding the presence of immunoreactive CM components, IgE reactivity, allergenic activity, ability to induce T cell proliferation and allergic or pro-inflammatory cytokine...

investigated by immunoblot with serum from individuals sensitized to anisakis or shrimp. IgE binding patterns in the immunoblots were used for the identification of major Anisakis allergens, which were analysed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics in ESI-Orbitrap, after separation on SDS-gel. Results: Four new allergen candidates were identified. The first identified allergen was enolase, whic...

The composition and physical nature of milk is very complex. The stability of milk depends upon the different constituent of milk. Determination of heat stability of milk is one of the factors that assess the stability of milk. In this study an attempt was made to measure the heat stability of milk obtained from different varieties of cows and also made an attempt to identify the different comp...