Reasoning about actions and describing changes caused by the execution of these actions is an idea central to common sense reasoning. Action description languages have been developed to specify the effects and preconditions of actions using a logical framework. However, many of these formalisms suffer from a lack of generality and modularity [McCarthy, 1987]. A new Modular Action Description la...

We show that, for any poset P, the existence of a P-indestructible mad family F ⊆ [ω]א0 is equivalent to the existence of such a family over אn for some/all n ∈ ω. Under the very weak square principle ¤∗∗∗ ω1,μ of Fuchino and Soukup [7] and cf([μ]א0 ,⊆) = μ+ for all limit cardinals μ of cofinality ω, the equivalence for any proper poset P transfers to all cardinals. That is, under these assumpt...

The median absolute deviation (MAD) of each trait (principal component) was used to measure within-line variance, as it is less sensitive to non-normality than other measures of spread [67, 68]. However, plotting the raw MADs of each line against the line median tended to show a dependency of the MAD on the median (Figure S2). To correct for this dependency, the residuals of a local (lowess) re...

A Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is Multi Administrative Domain (MAD) if each network node belongs to an independent authority, that is each node owns its resources and there is no central authority owning all network nodes. One of the main obstructions in designing Service Advertising, Discovery and Delivery (SADD) protocol for MAD MANETs is the fact that, in an attempt to increase their own vi...

An automated examination of the native Fourier is tested as a means of evaluation of a heavy-atom solution in MAD and MIR methods for macromolecular crystallography. It is found that the presence of distinct regions of high and low density variation in electron-density maps is a good indicator of the correctness of a heavy-atom solution in the MIR and MAD methods. The method can be used to eval...

The article explores the creation of institutions for managing madness and the 'mad' under the First Republic. By focusing specifically on the state of Espírito Santo, it analyzes how the government designed policies for dealing with the mad and asks whether this particular state's experience can validate hypotheses defended for the nation as a whole. The study also aims to demonstrate the comp...

The fragmentation behavior of nitrated and S-nitrosylated peptides were studied using collision induced dissociation (CID) and metastable atom-activated dissociation mass spectrometry (MAD-MS). Various charge states, such as 1+, 2+, 3+, 2-, of modified and unmodified peptides were exposed to a beam of high kinetic energy helium (He) metastable atoms resulting in extensive backbone fragmentation...

Formation of new synapses or maintenance of existing synapses requires the delivery of synaptic components from the soma to the nerve termini via axonal transport. One pathway that is important in synapse formation, maintenance and function of the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling pathway. Here we show that perturbations in axonal transpor...

OBJECTIVE The efficacy of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ranges between 42% and 65%. However, it is still unclear which predictive factors can be used to select suitable patients for MAD treatment. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the predictive value of cephalometric analysis for MAD treatment outcomes in adult...

Study background: Obesity is constantly increasing health problem worldwide and so are its detrimental consequences, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are proven to be efficient in treating mild to moderate OSA and snoring. We followed for two years 103 patients treated with a titrable MAD in a Community Dental Care setting. Methods: A follow-up ques...