Variograms are used to describe the spatial variability of environmental variables. In this study, the parameters that characterize the variogram are obtained from a variogram in a different but comparably polluted area. A procedure is presented for improving the variogram modelling when data become available from the area of interest. Interpolation is carried out by means of a Bayesian form of...

The high computational cost of population based optimization methods, such as multiobjective genetic algorithms (MOGAs), has been preventing applications of these methods to realistic engineering design problems. The main challenge is to devise methods that can significantly reduce the number of simulation (objective/constraint functions) calls. We present a new multi-objective design optimizat...

High temporal resolution information on burnt area is needed to improve fire behaviour and emissions models. We used theModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal anomaly and active fire product (MO(Y)D14) as input to a kriging interpolation to derive continuousmaps of the timing of burnt area for 16 large wildland fires. For each fire, parameters for the kriging model were d...

and Applied Analysis 3 2.2. Universal Kriging for Computing Water Depth in Any Position The basic premise of Kriging interpolation is that every unknown point can be estimated by the weighted sum of the known points: Z∗ 0 n ∑ i 1 λi Zi, 2.1 where Z∗ 0 represents the unknown point, Zi refers to each known point, and λ 0 i is the weight given to it. The Kriging algorithm body is involved in the a...

The physical meaning of the composite Nakagami-lognormal fading model is not well understood by many researchers using the model. The signal power transfer and transform at the interface between the global lognormal shadowing sub-channels and the local Nakagami multipath sub-channels in the presence of correlation between these diversity sub-channels is rather complex. This is the main reason w...

The development of an ultra high energy air shower has an intrinsic energy fluctuation due both to the first interaction point and to the cascade development. Here we show that for a given primary energy this air shower energy fluctuation has a lognormal distribution and thus observations will estimate that primary energy with a lognormal error distribution. We analyze the UHECR energy spectrum...

Multiple single antenna terminals transmit simultaneously to an array of hundreds of antennas in the uplink of a multi-user massive multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) system. Under Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing, the expression for the probability density function (PDF) for signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) does not exist in a closed-form, which is required to calculate ...

We analyze the distribution of computational eeort required by backtracking algorithms on unsatissable CSPs, using analogies with reliability models, where lifetime of a specimen before failure corresponds to the runtime of backtracking on unsatissable CSPs. We extend the results of 7] by showing empirically that the lognormal distribution is a good approximation of the backtracking eeort on un...

and Applied Analysis 3