atomization is a process by which a volume of liquid is converted spray. this process includes the breakup of the liquid jet or the liquid sheet exiting the injector. this paper has experimentally investigated the models and mechanisms for the breakup of the liquid jet and the liquid sheet formed by the jets impingement in a still environment and in an environment with counter flow, coflow, and...

The new version [1] of the HERWIG event generator [2] allows one to simulate hadronic final states in electron-positron annihilations using the O(αs) partonic matrix elements (MEs) for ee → qq̄gg and ee → qq̄QQ̄. The consequent phenomenology is discussed in the case of four-jet signatures of particular relevance to future electron-positron Linear Colliders (LCs), such as in Higgs boson searches. T...

Based on optical, IR and X-ray studies of Cas A, we propose a geometry for the remnant based on a “jet-induced” scenario with significant systematic departures from axial symmetry. In this model, the main jet axis is oriented in the direction of strong blue-shifted motion at an angle of 110 120 East of North and about 40 50 to the East of the line of sight. Normal to this axis would be an expan...

The gamma-ray blazar PKS 1510−089 has a highly superluminal milli-arcsecond jet at a position angle (PA) of −28 and an arcsecond jet with an initial PA of 155. With a ∆PA of 177 between the arcsecond and milliarcsecond jets, PKS 1510−089 is perhaps the most highly misaligned radio jet ever observed and serves as a graphic example of projection effects in a highly beamed relativistic jet. Here w...

In film cooling approaches, a of liquid fuel is formed on the chamber wall bipropellant thrusters to protect from high-temperature combustion gases. To optimize amount required sufficiently cool in this manner without degrading performance thrusters, formation process needs be understood. end, study, factors affecting spread were experimentally investigated. particular, experimental apparatus t...

To improve the jetting performance of liquid metals, an electromagnetic micro-jetting (EMJ) valve that realizes drop-on-demand (DOD) jetting while not involving any valve core or moving parts was designed. The influence of the lead angle of the nozzle on the jetting of liquid metal gallium (Ga) was investigated. It was found that the Lorentz force component parallel to the nozzle that jets the ...

Bifurcated nozzles are used in continuous casting of molten steel, where they influence the quality of the cast steel slabs. The present study performs two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulations of steady turbulent (K-e) flow in bifurcated nozzles, using a finite-element (FIDAP) model, which has been verified previously with water model experiments. The effects of nozzle desig...

Here we present the study of the relative angle between the accretion disk (or radio jet) and the galaxy disk for a sample of Seyfert galaxies selected from a mostly isotropic property, the 60μm flux, and warm infrared colors. We used VLA A-array 3.6cm continuum data and ground based optical imaging, homogeneously observed and reduced to minimize selection effects. For parts of the analysis we ...