Nipple discharge is the third most common breast complaint after breast pain and breast mass, most commonly associated with endocrine alterations and/or medications, pregnancy, lactation, post lactation, fibrocystic disease, intraductal papilloma, duct ectasia, nipple adenoma, infection, chronic mastitis, subareolar abscess, and least frequently, breast carcinoma. Cytological examination of nip...

Ductography has become the gold standard for the evaluation of patients exhibiting pathologic nipple discharges. In nine patients (age range, 29-67 years; median age, 51 years) with invasive (n=5) or intraductal (n=4) cancer, ductographic findings were recorded, then correlated with mammographic and sonographic findings. Common ductographic findings included complete ductal obstruction, multipl...

A 74-year-old man was referred to our hospital for a mass in the pancreatic head found during screening chest computed tomography. Contrast computed tomography showed a 5-cm multicystic mass with an irregular border containing a solid component showing contrast enhancement. Caudal to this mass, a 5-cm solid mass of fat density with a nodular soft-tissue component was found. Cytology of the aspi...

Nipple discharge is a common symptom that is alarming for the patient since it can be a presenting symptom of breast cancer. Breast imaging is used to examine women with pathologic nipple discharge in order to detect any lesions that may be present and to assist in the differential diagnosis. The modalities of breast imaging include mammography, breast ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonan...

Intraductal papillomas (IP) are benign papillary lesions caused by proliferation of mammary ductal epithelium. IP occurs in the breast tissue. Prolapse of IP from nipple can be rarely seen. IPs are generally treated with total excision. A 31-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic because of a protruded lesion from the nipple of her right breast. On her breast examination, an 8 mm- p...

We report the case of a 70-year-old woman who consulted for recurrent short episodes of mild-to-moderate abdominal pain. Dilated main pancreatic duct was seen on CAT scan and magnetic resonance, with multiple calcifications and intraductal stones, typical in CP. However, for a more pronounced cystic dilatation in the pancreatic head, we could not exclude the coexistence of a main duct IPMN. ERC...

Researchers are using the intraductal approach to advance breast cancer risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Procedures and technologies that can access and interrogate the ductal-alveolar systems include nipple aspiration, ductal lavage and ductoscopy. Ductoscopic papillectomy, ductoscopic margin evaluation, and intraductal therapy are considered promising investigational and...

There are still a limited number of primary interventions for prevention breast cancer. For women at high risk developing cancer, the most effective intervention is prophylactic mastectomy. This drastic surgical procedure in which mammary epithelial cells that can give rise to cancer completely removed along with surrounding tissue. The goal this protocol demonstrate feasibility minimally invas...

Choledochal cysts are congenital cystic dilations of the extrahepatic and/or intrahepatic bile ducts and rare. Adults with choledochal at risk developing biliary carcinoma. Our case is a 31-year-old female patient who presented right upper quadrant pain. In magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic cholangiopancreatography, there was fusiform enlargement duct it evaluated as compatible Type 1 cyst. E...

The ampullary region is a highly complex anatomic area composed of the following histologically and functionally distinct structures: the ampullary common duct or ampulla, formed by the dilated confluence of the pancreatic and common bile duct; the sphincter of Oddi; and the duodenum with the papilla of Vater, where the ampulla opens into the duodenum [1]. Due to its complexity, this small anat...