Little is known about the role of galanin (Gal) in fish. In the present study, cardiovascular effects of central and peripheral administrations of a synthetic replicate of trout Gal (tGal) were investigated in the unanesthetized trout. Intracerebroventricular injection of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 nmol/kg body mass of the peptide demonstrated that the two highest doses tested produced a significan...

Objective: Curcumin is a major constituent of turmeric and has many biological functions such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of curcumin and diazepam in separate and combined treatments on penicillin-induced seizures in rats. Materials and Methods: In urethane-anesthetized rats, epileptiform activity was induced by intrac...

in the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of normal saline (control), histamine, mepyramine (a histamine h1-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (a histamine h2-receptor antagonist) were investigated on the formalin-induced pain in rabbits. subcutaneous (sc) injection of a formalin (100 μl, 5%) solution into the ventral surface of the right hind paw was pe...

Pressor responses to increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium in Wistar rats and to high salt intake in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) involve both brain ouabainlike activity ("ouabain") and the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Because some of the effects of "ouabain" are mediated by the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and this nucleus contains all elements of the RAS, the prese...

We have previously shown that atrial natriuretic polypeptide is present in the brain with the highest concentration in the hypothalamus and septum and that intracerebroventricular injection of atrial natriuretic polypeptide inhibits water drinking induced by centrally injected angiotensin II or 24-hour water deprivation in rats. To study further the role of brain atrial natriuretic polypeptide ...

The effects of intracerebroventricular injections of the long-lasting somatostatin analog octreotide (Oct) were studied on sleep and behavior in rats. Pyrogen-free physiological saline and Oct (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 μg) or vehicle were administered at light onset, and the electroencephalogram (EEG), motor activity, and cortical brain temperature were recorded during the 12-h light period. Plasma gro...

It is well known that adenine-based purines exert multiple effects on pain transmission. However, less attention has been given to the potential effects of guanine-based purines (GBPs) on pain transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) guanosine and GMP on mice pain models. Mice received an i.c.v. injection of vehicle (saline or 10 muM...

The effect of intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 or inverse agonist AM 251 on food intake and extracellular levels of serotonin and acetic acid 5-hydroxy-indol from presatiated rats was studied. Compared to the vehicle-injected control, the intracerebroventricular administration of WIN 55,212-2 was associated with a significant...

The circumventricular organs (CVOs) lack a well-formed blood-brain barrier and produce superoxide in response to angiotensin II and other hypertensive stimuli. This increase in central superoxide has been implicated in the regulation of blood pressure. The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is highly expressed in cells associated with CVOs and particularly with tanycytes lining this regi...

Spirulina maxima, a microalga containing high levels of protein and many polyphenols, including chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms where by Spirulina maxima ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether a 70% ethanol extract of Sp...