Alterations in the functions of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) induced by fluid shear stress may play a pivotal role in both the development and prevention of vascular diseases. We found that DNA synthesis of bovine aortic and human umbilical vein ECs, determined by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, was inhibited by steady laminar shear stress (5 and 30 dyne/cm(2)). This growth inhibition due to...

The interaction between the vascular endothelium and hemodynamic forces (and more specifically, fluid shear stress), induced by the flow of blood, plays a major role in vascular remodeling and in new blood vessels formation via a process termed arteriogenesis. Tie1 is an orphan tyrosine kinase receptor expressed almost exclusively in endothelial cells and is required for normal vascular develop...

Alterations in the functions of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) induced by fluid shear stress may play a pivotal role in both the development and prevention of vascular diseases. We found that DNA synthesis of bovine aortic and human umbilical vein ECs, determined by [H]thymidine incorporation, was inhibited by steady laminar shear stress (5 and 30 dyne/cm). This growth inhibition due to shear...

In vivo, endothelial cells (ECs) are subjected to a complex mechanical environment composed of shear stress, pressure, and circumferential stretch. The aim of this study was to subject bovine aortic ECs to a pulsatile pressure oscillating from 70 to 130 mm Hg (mean of 100 mm Hg) in combination with pulsatile shear stresses from 0.1 to 6 dyne/cm2 (1 dyne/cm2=0.1 N/m2) with or without a cyclic ci...

Nitric oxide (NO) has been demonstrated to play a central role in vascular biology and pathobiology. The expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is regulated in part by blood flow-induced mechanical factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the expression of eNOS mRNA correlates with the activation of its promoter in both arterial and venous endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to ...

Endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to shear stress constantly release nitric oxide (NO). The effect of NO on shear stress-induced endothelial responses was examined. ECs subjected to shear stress induced a transient and shear force-dependent increase in early growth response-1 (Egr-1) mRNA levels. Treatment of ECs with an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) or 3-morpholinosydnonimin...

This paper presents the results of a series of hollow cylinder tests carried out to investigate the role of drainage conditions on the response of railway track foundation materials during cyclic loading. Three sand–clay mixes were tested. It was found that, below a certain cyclic shear stress threshold, and depending on the drainage conditions, changes in principal stress direction should not ...

We find that unjammed packings of frictionless particles with rather weak attraction can always be driven into solidlike states by shear. The structure of shear-driven solids evolves continuously with packing fraction from gel-like to jamminglike, but is almost independent of the shear stress. In contrast, both the density of vibrational states (DOVS) and force network evolve progressively with...

In this study, plasma polymerization technique was used to modify the surface of glass fiber under various plasma powers (30, 60 and 90 W) for exposure time of 15 min to improve the compatibility between glass fiber and epoxy matrix. γ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-GPS) monomer were used for surface coating of glass fiber. Interfacial properties of composites were investigated by short be...

OBJECTIVES It has been postulated that in the arterial system mean wall shear stress is maintained at a constant value. The present study was performed to investigate the level of wall shear stress in the common carotid artery (CCA) as function of age and possible interactions between diameter and storage capacity, defined as the absolute area change per heart beat, with mean wall shear stress....