In applications of theories of incentives, the information known privately by an economic agent is represented by a point in a Euclidean space. Other agents know the probability distribution of this point, but not its realization, which is called the agent’s type. For models of this sort, designs of optimal incentive schemes present few difficulties when agents’ types are one-dimensional. The c...

As an important long-term incentive mode, the equity incentive promotes the managers to contribute to the interest uniformity of managers and shareholders. By using Paired-Samples T test methods and regression analysis method and choosing companies that issued the equity incentive plan in 2007 as the sample, this paper comparatively analyzes the differences in the performance of companies befor...

This study proposes an artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA) for energy management (EM) optimal operation of a microgrid (MG), including conventional sources and renewable (RES), with incentive-based demand response (DR). Due to the stochastic nature solar wind output power uncertainty prices load, probabilistic EM hybrid AHA point estimation method (PEM) is proposed model this by utilizing no...

File swarming is a popular method of coordinated download by which peers obtain a file from an under-provisioned server. Critical problems arise within this domain when users act selfishly, yet most systems are built with altruism assumed. Working under the assumption that all peers are greedy, we introduce the Fair, Optimal eXchange (FOX) protocol. FOX, in addition to effective and robust appl...

In this paper I examine agency theories and the impact it has on corporate life today. I find substantial support (in research and real life) the teaching itself has contributed to greed and the “agency culture” that has driven many firms to their doom. When it comes to game theory and experiments people tend to be self-serving at different levels. Outside these applications most people are als...

Improving population health is not simple. Many instruments are available for changing behavior and consequent outcomes. However, the following basic principles should guide development of any incentive arrangement: 1) identify the desired outcome, 2) identify the behavior change that will lead to this outcome, 3) determine the potential effectiveness of the incentive in achieving the behavior ...

We analyze a tractable class of multitask principal–agent problems, such as the one faced by a firm with a manager overseeing several projects. We allow for tasks to be complements or substitutes. We avoid the problems associated with the first-order approach by directly characterizing the shape of the agent’s indirect utility function, which exhibits a convex then concave shape in effort. We i...

With the development of mobile social networks, the trust problem of networks attracts more and more attentions. According to the existing problems of evolution model, this paper proposes a trust evolution mechanism for mobile social networks based on Wright-Fisher. Combining the evolutionary game theory and Wright-Fisher model, we establish the trust evolution model under white noise environme...

A key challenge faced by firms that undertake crowdsourcing-contests to get solutions from crowds to their problems is to design an incentive structure which helps attract high quality solutions. We develop a structural model of user participation in crowdsourcing-contests and present empirical evidence on how incentive structure could affect the quality of solutions. Using data from Threadless...

Nursing shortage is one of the major problems that face the nursing leaders in Saudi Arabia. This article will focus on the role of financial incentive as a strategy to motivate and enhance nurses’ job satisfaction and alleviate nursing shortage among Saudi nurses. Incentives are important as they motivate, attract and retain nurses in the era of shortage. It is important to form a desirable in...