The forced swim test (FST) is a pre-clinical test to short and long term treatment with antidepressant drugs (ADT), which requires between-subject designs. Herein a modified protocol of the FST using within-subject design (repeated rat-FST) was evaluated. Male Wistar rats were submitted to 15 min of swimming (Day 1: pretest) followed by three subsequent 5 min-swimming tests one week apart (Day ...

BACKGROUND Intracellular calcium contributes to the development of affective disorders. Also, calcium channel inhibitors influence the activity of many neurotransmitters and exert antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sertraline on anxiety and depressive behaviors and the role of nimodipine, a calcium channel antagonist, on th...

BACKGROUND The general anesthetic state comprises behavioral and perceptual components, including amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility. In vitro, glutamatergic excitatory neurons are important targets for anesthetic action at the cellular and microcircuits levels. Riluzole (2-amino-6-[trifluoromethoxy]benzothiazole) is a neuroprotective drug that inhibits glutamate release from n...

New Directions for Residential Mobility Research: Linking Lives through Time and Space While researchers are increasingly reconceptualising international migration, less interest is being shown in rethinking the geographies of short-distance residential mobility and immobility. Short-distance moves are crucial for the structuration of everyday life, the operation of housing and labour markets a...

A stress-resistant rat model was introduced. SPORTS (Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku) rats showed significantly shorter time of immobility in the forced swim test compared to control Wister rats. Increase norepinephrine concentration secondary to decreased activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in hippocampus was observed in this model rats. This model rats are considered to be useful f...

BACKGROUND: The resistance to depression therapy remains high, and failure leads suicide. Curcuma heyneana (C. heyneana) is a plant of Zingiberaceae. Conventionally, the rhizome has been used as an anxiolytic sedative. However, activity antidepression never conducted. AIM: Therefore, this research was aimed investigate antidepressant C. rhizome. METHODS: This conducted using male mice aged 2–3 ...

through a hospital ward has seen room after room of elderly patients quietly dozing in bed, as if every patient was being treated for a cold or hysteria, or recumbence the necessary condition of all therapies. And doesn’t it make sense, after all, that elderly patients should spend their days on their back? Traditional wisdom dictates that bedrest promotes healing and recovery, much in the mann...

My main purpose is to sound a warning loudly and clearly. At all costs avoid active participation in parents' games at school or social functions. It is not until one encounters the almost woefully laughable problems ofimmobility and dependency after an accident in a Mums against Dads game of soccer that one realises just how often serious injuries occur in such social and charitable events. Th...

The mechanism of the antidepressant-like activity of the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine(6) (5-HT(6) receptor antagonist N-[3,5-dichloro-2-(methoxy)phenyl]-4-(methoxy)-3-(1-piperazinyl)benzenesulfonamide (SB-399885) was studied in the forced swim test in rats. SB-399885 administered intraperitoneally at a single dose of 10 mg/kg potently shortened the immobility time in rats. That potential antid...

BACKGROUND About 2-5% of people experience deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) during their lives. Death, disease recurrence, post-thrombotic syndrome, and excessive bleeding due to coagulant medications are among the most important DVT complications. Recent research found a high incidence of DVT recurrence after the first attack. Disease recurrence has a multifactorial pathogenesis and its probability ...