This paper presents the mechanical properties of high strength structural steel and mild structural steel at elevated temperatures. Mechanical properties of structural steel at elevated temperatures are important for fire resistant design of steel structures. However, current design standards for fire resistance of steel structures are mainly based on the investigation of hot-rolled carbon stee...

In nuclear energy systems, the major construction inputs are steel and concrete, which comprise over 95% of the material energy inputs. The evaluation of construction material inputs is central to life-cycle assessments for environmental impacts for nuclear and other non-fossil energy systems, and can provide a useful, if only qualitative, plausibility check for economics claims. This paper com...

A nuclear analysis was performed for an alternate ITER first wall attachment scheme to estimate the nuclear heating in critical components. With a variety of components near the first wall without direct cooling, there is concern that the operating temperatures will be above engineering limits. Using DAG-MCNP5, a 1-D analysis framework was used to estimate the nuclear heating in a detailed 3-D ...

Periodic transverse depressions called “oscillation marks” are routinely observed on the surface of steel slabs manufactured by continuous casting processes. Additionally, a distinctive sub-surface microstructural feature called a “hook” 4, 5) often accompanies deep oscillation marks in steels with low (< 0.1%) carbon contents . Figure 1 shows typical shapes and sizes of oscillation marks and h...

The objective of this study was the development of the automated system for crack detection on square steel bars used in the automotive industry for axle and shaft construction. The automated system for thermographic crack detection uses brief pulsed eddy currents to heat steel components under inspection. Cracks, if present, will disturb the current flow and so generate changes in the temperat...

Nigeria is blessed with abundant iron ore deposits of nearly 3 billion tonnes and other basic minerals for steel production including coal and limestone. Yet the Nigerian steel sector has collapsed principally due to shortage of raw materials particularly iron ore for the integrated steel plants and billets for the rolling mills. The privatization of the steel sector that was done in 2004-2005 ...

The entrapment of inclusions, bubbles, slag, and other particles into solidified steel products is a critically-important quality concern. During continuous casting, particles may enter the mold with the steel flowing through the submerged nozzle. In addition, mold slag may be entrained from the top surface. A computational model has been developed to simulate the transport and entrapment of pa...

This study evaluates how people represent “even if” conditionals when they have to integrate them with previous “if then” conditionals and also make an inference. The terms in the premises were ordered to facilitate their integration (Figure 1: If A then B; Even if B C). In half the cases, the “even if” conditional was expressed with a negation instead of an affirmation (If A then B; Even if no...

Whole bone bending tests are commonly used in mechanical evaluation of long bones. Reliable information about the midshaft can only be obtained if the bending moment is uniformly distributed along the shaft, and if the distribution of the bending stress is not adversely influenced by rigid clamping of the bone ends. A testing device was developed to determine bending stiffness of long bones in ...