BACKGROUND The hypothalamus, the center for body weight regulation, can sense changes in blood glucose level based on ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels in the hypothalamic neurons. We hypothesized that a lack of glucose sensing in the hypothalamus affects the regulations of appetite and body weight. METHODS To evaluate this hypothesis, the responses to glucose loading and high fat fee...

KAKOLEWSKI, JAN W., EDWARD DEAUX, JANICE CHKISTENSEN, AND BAWAI~A CASE. LXurnal patterns in water and food intake and body ~c&ht changes in rats xith hypothalamic leszbns. Am. J. Physiol. 22 l(3) : 7 1 l-7 18. 1971 .-The diurnal patterns of water and food intake, water-to-food ratio, and body weight changes were examined in rats with bilateral hypothalamic lesions and intact control rats of the...

Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been shown to occur during cholestatic liver injury. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that in a model of cholestasis, serum bile acids gain entry into the brain via a leaky blood brain barrier and that hypothalamic bile acid content is increased. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of bile acid si...

Overnutrition is associated with chronic inflammation in metabolic tissues. Whether metabolic inflammation compromises the neural regulatory systems and therefore promotes overnutrition-associated diseases remains unexplored. Here we show that a mediator of metabolic inflammation, IKKbeta/NF-kappaB, normally remains inactive although enriched in hypothalamic neurons. Overnutrition atypically ac...

Growing evidence suggests acute skeletal muscle wasting is a key factor affecting nutritional support and prognosis in critical patients. Previously, plenty of studies of muscle wasting focused on the peripheral pathway, little was known about the central role. We tested the hypothesis whether central inflammatory pathway and neuropeptides were involved in the process. In lipopolysaccharide (LP...

Sarcoidosis is a non-caseating, granulomatous inflammatory disorder that can affect the central nervous system (CNS), including the hypothalamic–pituitary region, although rarely. The clinical manifestations of hypothalamic–pituitary neurosarcoidosis are heterogeneous and require a prompt diagnosis to ensure the most appropriate treatment. We have reviewed the cases of neurosarcoidosis affectin...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the possible interactions of the two peripheral hormones, leptin and ghrelin, that regulate the energy balance in opposite directions. METHODS Leptin-receptor mutated Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean control rats were treated with the ghrelin-receptor ligand, tabimorelin (50 mg/kg p.o.) for 18 days, and the effects on body weight, food intake and body ...

Modification of hypothalamic fatty acid (FA) metabolism can improve energy homeostasis and prevent hyperphagia and excessive weight gain in diet-induced obesity (DIO) from a diet high in saturated fatty acids. We have shown previously that C75, a stimulator of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) and fatty acid oxidation (FAOx), exerts at least some of its hypophagic effects via neuronal m...

Hypothalamic neurons of the arcuate nucleus control food intake, releasing orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides in response to changes in glucose concentration. Several studies have suggested that the glucosensing mechanism is governed by a metabolic interaction between neurons and glial cells via lactate flux through monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). Hypothalamic glial cells (tanycytes...

We combined hypothalamic tissue and plasma determinations of norepinephrine, dihydroxyphenylalanine, and dihydroxyphenylglycol with measurements of abdominal fat in voluntary running rats to examine the relationship among exercise training, hypothalamic and sympathetic nervous function, and body fat stores. The hypothalamic concentrations of norepinephrine, dihydroxyphenylalanine, and dihydroxy...