INTRODUCTION Pleomorphic adenomas are tumors mostly originating from salivary glands. These lesions in the larynx are very rare. CASE REPORT We report a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma that originated from the mucosal lining, just above the glottic area at the level of the laryngeal ventricle in a 55-year-old female patient. The tumor could not be palpated easily but was observed in the CT s...

Adult acute epiglottitis is a rare but life-threatening disease caused by obstruction of the airway. The symptoms and signs of this disease may be nonspecific without apparent airway compromise. We encountered 3 consecutive cases of adult patients with this disease in a single 5-month period in one physician's office. In all cases, physical examination revealed tenderness of the anterior neck o...

We report a case of a cervical rheumatoid nodule in close relation to the hyoid bone mimicking a metastatic carcinoma. A 74-year-old female with a 15-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on treatment with methotrexate presented with tenderness of the right base of tongue. Imaging demonstrated a 1.4 cm cystic lesion at the hyoid bone. Biopsies were unsuccessful and the patient required surg...

Although relationships among the major groups of living gnathostomes are well established, the relatedness of early jawed vertebrates to modern clades is intensely debated. Here, we provide a new description of Gladbachus, a Middle Devonian (Givetian approx. 385-million-year-old) stem chondrichthyan from Germany, and one of the very few early chondrichthyans in which substantial portions of the...

The development of the skull of Dermophis mexicanus (Caeciliidae) is described and compared to that of other caecilians. The chondrocranium is well developed in embryos of 25 mm total length (TL); ossification begins in the quadrate and the articular element of the lower jaw at about 30 mm TL. The occipital arch then ossifies, followed by the dorsal and lateral dermal bones, then the ventral en...

Among the transcription factor gene families, Pax genes play important and unique roles in morphological patterning of animal body plans. Of these, Group I Pax genes (Pax1 and Pax9) are expressed in the endodermal pharyngeal pouches in many groups of deuterostomes, and vertebrates seem to have acquired more extensive expression domains in embryos. To understand the evolution of Pax1/Pax9-relate...

The family Caristiidae, commonly known as manefishes or veilfins, includes seven species of mesopelagic, oceanic fishes found throughout the major ocean basins of the world. We present a partial revision of the family, including all of the ‘‘small mouth’’ species, which are distinguished from other species of the family by having an upper jaw that extends approximately to midorbit and is almost...