The impurity analysis of ethylene glycol in hydroxyethyl starch (HES) was evaluated using the exact method and conditions described in the official EP 8.2 (2014) monograph [2]. The evaluation was performed using an ALEXYS® LC-EC analyzer for ethylene glycol, based on the DECADE Elite electrochemical detector and a SenCell with Au working electrode (WE) and HyREF (Pd/H 2 ) reference electrode. D...

Meybohm and colleagues [1] propose that hydroxyethyl starch (HES) may be used safely in hypovolemic patients by applying a clinical algorithm and by restricting the dose administered. The authors question the validity of the results of the two trials that constitute over 60% of current data [2,3] and misleadingly state that in the Crystalloid vs. Hydroxyethyl Starch Trial (CHEST), HES administr...

Red blood cells can be preserved by freezing using either intraor extracellular agents. The most common intracellular agent, glycerol, is currently employed in general use and provides clinically acceptable red cells following post-thaw washing (13). Extracellular agents do not enter the cell during freezing. Therefore, red cells preserved with these agents may be administered without post-thaw...

Purpose Ischemic ocular disorders may be treated by hypervolemic hemodilution. The presumed therapeutic benefit is based on a volume effect and improved rheological factors. The aim was to investigate the acute effect of intravenous hydroxyethyl starch on retrobulbar hemodynamics in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods 24 patients with acute NAION wer...

AIM To analyze the neurotoxic potential of synthesized magnetite nanoparticles coated by dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, oxidized hydroxyethyl starch, and chitosan, and magnetic nanoparticles combined with ferritin as a native protein. METHODS The size of nanoparticles was analyzed using photon correlation spectroscopy, their effects on the conductance of planar lipid membrane by planar lipid b...

OBJECT Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has become an integral part of vestibular schwannoma surgery. The aim of this article was to review the different techniques of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in vestibular schwannoma surgery, identify the clinical impact of certain pathognomonic patterns on postoperative outcomes of facial nerve function and hearing preservation...

Fluid resuscitation with colloids is an established second line therapy for septic patients. Evidence of relative efficacy outcomes is tempered by considerations of the relative costs of the individual fluids. An assessment of recent large clinical trials was performed, resulting in a ranking in the efficacy of these therapies. Probabilities for mortality and the need for renal replacement ther...

Glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a major constituent of the endothelial glycocalyx, helps to maintain vascular integrity. Preconditioning the heart with volatile anesthetic agents protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury. We investigated a possible protective effect of sevoflurane on the glycocalyx, especially on HA. The effect of pre-ischemic treatment with sevoflurane (15 minutes at 2% ...

BACKGROUND Hypotension is one of the most common complications after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Normally, preloading with fluids, especially crystalloids, is used to prevention of hypotension. METHODS In the present randomized clinical trial study, 120 parturients presenting for elective cesarean section with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I and II received eith...