Pretreatment of corn stover in 0.5% sulfuric acid at 160 °C for 40 min realized a maximum monomeric plus oligomeric xylose yield of 93.1% compared to a maximum of only 71.5% for hydrothermal (no added mineral acid) pretreatment at 180 °C for 30 min. To explain differences in dilute acid and hydrothermal yields, a fast reacting xylan fraction (0.0889) was assumed to be able to directly form mono...

The hydrothermal mats, mounds, and chimneys of the southern Guaymas Basin are the surface expression of complex subsurface hydrothermal circulation patterns. In this overview, we document the most frequently visited features of this hydrothermal area with photographs, temperature measurements, and selected geochemical data; many of these distinct habitats await characterization of their microbi...

One of the key-principles of the iron-sulphur world theory is to bring organic molecules close enough to interact with each other, using the surface of pyrite as a substrate in a hydrothermal setting. The present paper explores the relationship of pyrite and organic matter in a hydrothermal setting from the geological record; in hydrothermal calcite veins from Carboniferous limestones in centra...

In environments isolated from solar radiation, diverse microbial populations and ecosystems are sustained by the chemical energy supplied from Earth!s interior. The most outstanding example is a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, which discharges enormous amounts of reductive energy in the form of reduced sulfur compounds, H2, CH4, and reduced metals during magma degassing and hydrothermal reactions w...

Carbon nanofibers/silver nanoparticles (CNFs/AgNPs) composite nanofibers were fabricated by two steps consisting of the preparation of the CNFs by electrospinning and the hydrothermal growth of the AgNPs on the CNFs. The as-prepared nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, resonant Raman s...

perlite or pearl stone is a natural glass which has formed by rapid cooling of viscous lava or magma. perlite is mainly composed of silica, aluminum, potassium and sodium. in this experiment, perlite was used as a low-cost source of si and al to synthesis of sodalite zeolite using the alkaline hydrothermal treatment. a statistical taguchi design of experiments was employed to evaluate the effec...

Here we describe the important role played by the pH on the morphology and structure of the reduced graphite oxide (rGO) samples obtained by hydrothermal treatment of the previously prepared GO. The nature of the resulting samples has been studied on the basis of a complete battery of experimental techniques.

Monoclinic HfO2 nanoparticles were doped with nitrogen via hydrothermal treatment that avoided high-cost pyrolysis with NH3 gas in order to develop a novel oxygen reduction reaction catalyst for use in acidic media. Catalyst size reduction was achieved using a reduced graphene oxide support, and activity above 0.8 V was obtained.

Hierarchically macro-/mesoporous titanate tubular structures (HTT) self-assembled by nanotubes and nanosheets were fabricated by hydrothermal treatment of titanate glycolate rods in 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution. Double-layered dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) composed of a P25 nanoparticle (NP) underlayer and a tubular TiO(2) overlayer demonstrated an enhanced photovoltaic conversion efficienc...