For pilots the importance of knowing their height (distance above the ground) cannot be minimized. An error in determining height can easily prove fatal. Commercial and military aircraft usually have radio altimeters to determine their height. These units cost in the thousands of dollars, are a structural part of the aircraft, and require FAA approval. However, radio altimeters are generally no...

The application of bleaching agents before placement of resin-bonded fixed appliances significantly, but temporarily, reduces bond strength to tooth structure. Antioxidants have been studied as a means to remove residual oxygen that compromises bonding to bleached enamel. This in vitro study evaluated whether green tea (GT) could restore the shear bond strength between bonded orthodontic bracke...

The goal of our research was to be able to accurately predict the outcome of every matchup in a March Madness bracket. This is an extraordinarily difficult problem because of the high amount of variance in college basketball and the sheer number of games that are played in the tournament. In the history of March Madness, no one has ever created a perfect bracket. Last year, Warren Buffett agree...

We study whether the tachyon mode exists as a physical fluctuation on the 2-brane solution and on the tachyon vacuum solution in cubic open string field theory. Our analysis is based on the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism. We first construct a set of six string states which corresponds to the set of fields and anti-fields containing the tachyon field. Whether the tachyon field can exist as a physi...

In all manufacturing processes there are tolerances; however, orthodontic bracket manufacturers seldom state the slot dimensional tolerances. This experiment develops a novel method of analyzing slot profile dimensions using photographs of the slot. Five points are selected along each wall, and lines are fitted to define a trapezoidal slot shape. This investigation measures slot height at the s...

Many gauge theories possess a hidden duality between color and kinematics in their on-shell scattering amplitudes. An open problem is to formulate an off-shell realization of the duality, thus manifesting kinematic algebra. We show that 3D Chern-Simons (CS) theory Lorenz obeys color-kinematics duality. This holds both for field BRST ghosts, manifest Feynman rules. A algebra can be formulated th...

OBJECTIVE The objective this work was to assess the friction coefficient between brackets and wires of different materials under conditions simulating the oral environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stainless steel (SS) and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) wires of 0.019x0.025-in diameter (American Orthodontics) and polycarbonate bracket (American Orthodontics), ceramic bracket (American Orthodonti...

The Global Positioning System, GPS technology has been widely used in positioning and attitude determination. It is well known that the accuracy, availability and reliability of the positioning results are heavily dependent on the number and geometric distribution of tracked GPS satellites. Because of this limitation, in some situations, such as in urban canyons, underground space or inside of ...

AIM The purpose of this investigation was to determine the kinetic frictional resistance offered by stainless steel and Titanium bracket used in combination with rectangular stainless steel wire during in vitro translatory displacement of brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study. Brackets: (All brackets used had a torque of - 7° and an angulation of 0°): (1) Dynalock (Unitek) 0.018'' slo...

The effects of tides on littoral marine habitats are so ubiquitous that shorelines are commonly described as 'intertidal', whereas waves are considered a secondary factor that simply modifies the intertidal habitat. However mean significant wave height exceeds tidal range at many locations worldwide. Here we construct a simple sinusoidal model of coastal water level based on both tidal range an...