We explore the operations, balancing requirements, and costs of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council power system under a stringent greenhouse gas emission reduction target. We include sensitivities for technology costs and availability, fuel prices and emissions, and demand profile. Meeting an emissions target of 85% below 1990 levels is feasible across a range of assumptions, but the ...

We present analyses of three families of compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems: conventional CAES, in which the heat released during air compression is not stored and natural gas is combusted to provide heat during discharge; adiabatic CAES, in which the compression heat is stored; and CAES in which the compression heat is used to assist water electrolysis for hydrogen storage. The latte...

F uel cells have tantalized engineers for more than a century as efficient devices to directly convert chemical energy to electrical energy. However, fuel cell use has been limited to niche applications, like space vehicles and emergency backup power systems, due to their expensive components and specialized fuel requirements. During the past two decades polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel ...

The most practical way of storing hydrogen gas for fuel cell vehicles is to use a composite overwrapped pressure vessel. Depending on the driving distance range and power requirement vehicles, there can be various operational volume capacity tanks, ranging from passenger heavy-duty trucks. current commercial storage method involves compressed in high-pressure tanks at pressures 700 bar 350 In p...

Vehicle Emission is one of the main causes of environmental damage. Vehicle engines produce carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and many other harmful substances. An investigation was conducted using a compression-ignition engine fuelled with different ratios of blends of diesel and biodiesel at different EGR rates. The effects of different ratios of fuel blends and EG...

Plastics wastes from a municipal solid waste (MSW) plant have a high-energy content and are suitable for fuel generation. Thermal cracking is one of the possible ways to obtain petrochemical feedstock from polymer wastes. Municipal waste plastic of LDPE conversion to kerosene grade fuel experiments were carried out under atmospheric conditions at temperatures between 150 ̊C and 420 ̊C. Low densit...

Metal halide ammines have great potential as a future, high-density energy carrier in vehicles. So far known materials, e.g. Mg(NH3)6Cl2 and Sr(NH3)8Cl2, are not suitable for automotive, fuel cell applications, because the release of ammonia is a multi-step reaction, requiring too much heat to be supplied, making the total efficiency lower. Here, we apply density functional theory (DFT) calcula...

background: the incomplete burning of fuel in engine of vehicles, evaporation of petrol from gas stations, and also car carburetor cause unburned hydrocarbons to be emitted in ambient air of cities and gas station locations. from unburned hydrocarbons; monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon influence to citizen's health and benzene is known as carcinogenic compounds. the objectives of this study are t...

Emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere will need to be greatly reduced to avoid the risk of harmful climate change. There are many different ways of reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. It is important to be able to understand how the different options compare. This paper includes a comparison of the costs of three different options for reducing emissions of CO2; wind ...