Recent molecular cloning of many of the genes controlling development, including growth factors and homeobox genes, has led to the formulation of basic plans of organogenesis (Kessel and Gruss, 1990; Chisaka et al., 1992; Gehring et al., 1994; Johnson and Tabin, 1997; Hogan, 1996, 1999; Gehring, 1999). During fetal and neonatal development of mammals, the last structures to develop along the em...

BACKGROUND Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide. HPV is highly prevalent in sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) and has been associated with anal cancer, penile cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS From March to September 2011, we conducted a cross-sectional study of HPV prevalence among MSM above age 18 years...

Background: Lack of knowledge and incorrect practices regarding genital hygiene increase the risk of infection. Women can be protected from these infections by teaching correct genital hygiene behaviors through health education based on recognized models. The aim of this study is to design an educational program to improve women’s genital health behaviors based on PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Method...

abstract we had two cases of female complicated anorectal and genital malformations which underwent total mobilization of all structures of perinea to midline. case1: a 6 month old female with skin covered bladder, pubic diastasis, ectopic anus, vagina, and urethra to the right side of median cleft and lipoma on the left side. closure of pubic diastasis with iliac osteotomy and double barrel si...

background: tuberculosis (tb) is an increasing public health concern worldwide. on a global scale it has a devastating impact in developing nations. genital tb, an extrapulmonary form, is not uncommon particularly in areas where pulmonary tb is prevalent. genital tb may be asymptomatic or may even masquerade as other gynaecological conditions; hence, diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicio...

schwannoma is a solitary, slow growing,  benign tumour of the peripheral  nerve sheath, and it is most common locations are the head, neck, the flexor surfaces of the extremities, retroperitoneal and posterior mediastinium. external female genital organs are the least common location site of the schwannoma. only a few cases of vulvar schwannoma have been reported.we report 65 year- old woman pr...