Estrogen replacement is an effective therapy of postmenopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, bone loss, and vaginal dryness. Undesired estrogen effects are the stimulation of uterine and mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation as well as hepatic estrogenicity. In this study, we examined the influence of different estradiol release kinetics on tissue responsivity in ovariectomized (OVX) rats...

The fate of [C]17β-estradiol ([C]E2) was monitored for 42 d in triplicate 10-L anaerobic digesters. Total radioactive residues decreased rapidly in the liquid layer of the digesters and reached a steady-state value of 22 to 26% of the initial dose after 5 d. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of the liquid layer of the anaerobic di...

Environmental chemicals that function as estrogens have been suggested to be associated with an increase in disease and dysfunctions in animals and humans. To characterize chemicals that may act as estrogens in humans, we have compared three in vitro assays which measure aspects of human estrogen receptor (hER)-mediated estrogenicity. Chemicals were first tested for estrogen-associated transcri...

The causal relationship between atrazine exposure and the occurrence of breast cancer in women was evaluated using the framework developed by Adami et al. (2011) wherein biological plausibility and epidemiological evidence were combined to conclude that a causal relationship between atrazine exposure and breast cancer is "unlikely". Carcinogenicity studies in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) but not ...

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) on the rat's prepubertal testis. Male Wistar rats were given daily subcutaneous injections with DBP (20 or 200 μg) or a vehicle from the 5th to the 15th postnatal day (pd). On the 16(th) pd, the rats were euthanized, and the testes were dissected, weighed, and paraffin embedded. The blood was collected to determine th...

E STROGENIC materials (specifically diethylstilbestrol), when either fed or implanted subcutaneously, have been clearly shown to improve weight gains and gross efficiency of feed conversion in sheep and other domestic animals (N.R.C., 1960). Similarly, considerable data attest to the presence of materials having estrogenic activity in forages (Pieterse and Andrews, 1956a, b; Bate-Smith et al., ...

A variety of anthropogenic compounds has been found to be capable of disrupting the endocrine systems of organisms, in laboratory studies as well as in wildlife. The most widely described endpoint is estrogenicity, but other hormonal disturbances, e.g., thyroid hormone disruption, are gaining more and more attention. Here, we present a review and chemical characterization, using principal compo...

Adesanya, S.A., Nia, R., Martin, M.-T., Boukamcha, N., Montagnac, A., Pais, M.(1999) Stilbene Derivatives from Cissus quadrangularis. Journal of Natural Products, vol. 62, p. 1694-1695.* Kempuraj, D., Madhappan, B., Christodoulou, S., Boucher, W., Cao, J. Papadopoulou, N., Cetrulo, C.L., and Theoharies, T.C. “Flavonols inhibit proinflammatory mediator release, intracellular calcium ion levels a...

The development of potent steroid sulfatase inhibitors is an important new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer. A series of tricyclic coumarin sulfamates were synthesized, and their inhibitory properties were examined in vitro and in vivo. In a placental microsomal assay system, 667 COUMATE emerged as the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. ...