the promotion of oil and gas industry of a country or region requires foreign and longterm investments. ensuring demand security constitutes one of the major driving forces for promoting investments in oil and gas sectors. our main question is to understand the upcoming energy demand security in the caspian markets. just like supply security, energy demand security cannot be affected mainly by ...

This paper introduces the results of a research project whose objective is to extend obtained capabilities of a resilient microgrid to a conventional distribution network. This system has been previously sized and optimized to fully operate in an autonomous way. The presented work is an advanced interface control system for grid connection of this cluster in order to provide the over power in c...

C. B. Baker is a professor ofagricultural economics at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. This paper was presented at the annual meeting ofthe Federal Reserve System Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development held at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis on May 21, 1987. ‘See Melichar (1987). 2Ibid. crated product innovations and changes in management practices in financial marke...

Views stated in Policy Discussion Papers are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland or of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Materials may be reprinted, provided that the source is credited. Please send copies of reprinted materials to the editor. This Policy Discussion Paper summarizes the papers that were presented at the Liq...

We examine the effects of changes in competitive conditions on the structure of loan contracts. In particular, we present conditions in which greater loan market competition reduces the stringency of contractual collateral requirements, a prediction that is consistent with anecdotal evidence from loan markets. We also analyze the interaction between the degree of competition and the efficiency ...

A new spinning particle with a definite sign of the energy is defined on spacelike hypersurfaces after a critical discussion of the standard spinning particles. They are the pseudoclassical basis of the positive energy (12 , 0) [or negative energy (0, 1 2)] parts of the ( 1 2 , 1 2) solutions of the Dirac equation. The study of the isolated system of N such spinning charged particles plus the e...

A new spinning particle with a definite sign of the energy is defined on spacelike hypersurfaces after a critical discussion of the standard spinning particles. They are the pseudoclassical basis of the positive energy (12 , 0) [or negative energy (0, 12)] parts of the ( 1 2 , 1 2) solutions of the Dirac equation. The study of the isolated system of N such spinning charged particles plus the el...

In future energy systems, peaks in the daily electricity generation and consumption are expected to increase. The “smart grid” concept aims to maintain high levels of efficiency in the energy system by establishing distributed intelligence. Software agents (operating on devices with unknown computational capabilities) can implement dynamic and autonomous decision making about energy usage and g...