We study the case where parallel trade (PT) stems from government price controls in a foreign country. We remove the presumption that PT blunts dynamic efficiency if the government has partial commitment ability. We model the R&D firm’s option to serve the foreign country, and find that PT may improve quality, depending on preferences for quality. Improving quality may be a sufficient condition...

Among non-oil exports and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model i...

We use coupled optical and electronic simulations to investigate design trade-offs in electrically pumped photonic-crystal-based light-emitting diodes. A finite-difference frequency-domain electromagnetic solver is used to calculate the spontaneous emission enhancement factor and the extraction efficiency as a function of frequency and of position of the emitting source. The calculated enhancem...

The mode of trading transactions continues to develop day by day, one which is the presence through electronic systems. Sellers and buyers no longer need meet face carry out buying selling transactions, but can be created remotely form agreements using media. Indonesian government has issued special regulations governing trade this system, namely Government Regulation Number 80 2019 concerning ...

Given the recent explosion of the Internet, the trade of information goods and services may become the dominant form of commerce in the future global economy. Software agents, or semi-autonomous computer programs that run with little or no user input, may play a significant role in this information economy, perhaps even as direct participants in economic transactions. Such software agents might...

Facilitated by the rapid growth of the Internet, electronic commerce is growing exponentially. As a result, millions of players participate in electronic trade, yet many of these players are strangers to each other. This implies mistrust, which may bring about manipulative and malicious trade behaviors among the parties. This problem intensifies in electronic environments where agents act on be...

The majority of electronic percussion controllers on the market today are based on location-oriented striking techniques, resulting in a“finger drumming”interaction paradigm, that is both fundamentally eclectic as well as imposingly “controllerist”. The few controllers that allow hand-drumming techniques also invariably conform to region-based triggering design, or, in trade-off for expressivit...

In recent years, electronic B2B-marketplaces in the automotive industry have mainly provided commerce functions. It is claimed that the significance of collaboration functions for supporting interorganizational cooperation is increasing in these marketplaces. From this we suspect that electronic B2B-marketplaces in the automotive industry will develop from commerce into e-collaboration platform...

Electronic negotiation support aims at enabling complex trade interactions through means of information technology. Present research in electronic negotiation support is limited to a large extent to the analytical decision support view. There is a lack of empirical evidence on the acceptance of the different types of support in the negotiation support portfolio and their value contribution. In ...