Among various practical measures used for restriction of the ground surface settlement in such tunnels driven in soft ground, selection of an appropriate excavation method plays a significant role. In this paper, employing suggested diagram by Yu & Chern, corresponding values of Niayesh tunnel has been inserted into the diagram. Later, two excavation methods namely: central diaphragm and side d...

In this study, the seismic inter-story drift of structures is estimated by a combination of mode-acceleration equations with the modelling of high-rise buildings with flexural and shear cantilever beams. In the equation presented for calculating the inter-story drift, having less knowledge of the building is adequate and this issue is of significance in estimating the nonstructural component fo...

The inventory model ‘PestLCI Consensus’, originally developed for temperate conditions, estimates initial pesticide emission fractions to air, off-field surfaces by drift deposition, and field crop soil according foliar interception characteristics. Since characteristics application techniques differ in tropical these aspects need be included the support of evaluating emissions under conditions...

In this paper, the seismic collapse probability of special steel moment-resisting frame (SSMRF) structures under near fault pulse-like and far fault ordinary ground motions is evaluated through fragility analysis. For this purpose, five sample frames with 3 to 15 stories are designed and imposed to the ground motion excitations with different characteristics. Fragility curves are derived for th...

Infilled walls are the major non-structural elements which have significant effects on the seismic behavior of structures. The shape and strength of the brick elements are the main parameters affect the strength of the walls. In addition existence of openings may have a reduction effect. To increase the strength of the wall and to improve its behavior, the borders of the openings may be strengt...

The application efficiency of several statistical methods was tested based on an open field behavior test mice. examined trait the duration time until animals approached experimenter’s hand. available fixed in 300 seconds. There were monitored 80 mice belonging to two different species Mus genus equal proportion. Besides, male and female young adult have also represented evaluated groups propor...

To assess the performance criteria of the reinforced-concrete, five-storey residential buildings common in Iran, an experimental study in the structural laboratory of the University of Tehran has been conducted. The test program includes cyclic and monotonic load tests of six beams that represent three-to-five storey buildings with rigid frame structures. Using definitions given in FEMA-356 a...

OBJECTIVE This article explores the effects of earlier emergency medical services (EMS) or automatic collision notification (ACN) and EMS arrival on passenger/driver survivability within the short time frame following traffic crashes. METHODS Survival analysis techniques are used extensively in this study, because traffic crash and EMS data are closely associated with time. The Kaplan-Meier e...

CONTEXT Promotion of breastfeeding in Brazilian maternity hospitals. OBJECTIVE To quantify changes in the breastfeeding duration among mothers served by hospitals exposed to the Wellstart-SLC course, comparing them with changes among mothers attended by institutions not exposed to this course. DESIGN Randomized Institutional Trial. SETTING The effects of training on breastfeeding duration...