Preface Primary Changes in the Recommendations How to Use the Information in This Report Disease-Specific Recommendations Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Toxoplasmic Encephalitis Cryptosporidiosis Microsporidiosis Tuberculosis Disseminated Infection with Mycobacterium avium Complex Bacterial Respiratory Infections Bacterial Enteric Infections Infection with Bartonella (Formerly Rochalimaea) Cand...

The PMT gene family in Candida albicans encodes five isoforms of protein mannosyltransferases (Pmt proteins Pmt1p, Pmt2p, Pmt4p, Pmt5p, and Pmt6p) that initiate O mannosylation of secretory proteins. We compared virulence characteristics of pmt mutants in two complex, three-dimensional models of localized candidiasis, using reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) and engineered human oral mucosa (...

Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans, a cause of recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, has recently emerged as a cause of candidiasis in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy and marrow transplantation (MT). In this study, we performed detailed molecular analyses of a series of C. albicans isolates from an MT patient who developed dissem...

Multi-drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms is becoming a serious threat, particularly to immunocompromised populations. The high mortality of systematic fungal infections necessitates novel antifungal drugs and therapies. Unfortunately, with traditional drug discovery approaches, only echinocandins was approved by FDA as a new class of antifungals in the past two decades. Drug efflux is...

Four children were diagnosed with chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) during treatment for hematological malignancies. All presented with persistent fever, not responsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics, abdominal distension and hepatosplenomegaly. Two children needed artificial ventilation because of respiratory insufficiency. The time between onset of neutropenic fever and diagnosis of CDC r...