Abstract Objectives This tutorial describes and illustrates statistical methods to detect time trends possibly including abrupt changes (referred as change-points) in the consumption of antibiotics community. Methods For period 1997–2017, data on antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01) community, aggregated at level active substance, were collected using WHO ATC/DDD methodology expresse...

Abstract Objectives Data on consumption of penicillins in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence change-points and changes composition main subgroups penicillins. Methods For period 1997–2017, data penicillins, i.e. β-lactam antibacterials, (ATC group J01C), aggregated at...

A graph-based approach is presented for the generation of exact symbolic network functions in the form of rational polynomials of the complex frequency variable for analog integrated circuits. The approach employs determinant decision diagrams (DDDs) to represent the determinant of a circuit matrix and its cofactors. A notion of multiroot DDDs is introduced, where each root represents a symboli...

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of cardiac pacing in preventing vasovagal syncope remains controversial. However, DDI pacing with rate hysteresis has been reported to prevent the recurrence of cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope in up to 35% of affected subjects and to reduce the overall incidence of syncopal episodes in the others. Recently, DDD pacing with a new promising rate drop response funct...

BACKGROUND A comprehensive insight into drug utilization as an economic and primarily a public health issue can only be acquired in the context of overall health state of the respective population. The objectives of the study were: 1) to determine the real outpatient utilization of psychopharmaceuticals in Zagreb, 2) to determine the psychopharmaceutical prescribing quality during the study per...

BACKGROUND Asthma is a big public health problem in Morocco. The drug therapy existing in Morocco is currently insufficient because of the low purchasing power and the low health insurance coverage available to the average citizen in Morocco. In this study we evaluated the consumption of antiasthmatics in Morocco during the period 1999-2010, the classes of used drugs and the generics' market sh...

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common degenerative condition initiated mainly within the nucleus pulposus (NP). To date, the etiopathogenesis of DDD remains unclear, and because no effective therapeutic strategies are available to target its pathological processes, DDD is still treated with symptomatic interventions that are far from adequate. Collagen type II is one of the major matrix c...

Samples of fresh apple pomace were collected from 14 loads of apple pomace as delivered from the processing plant in October 1968 and from stored apple pomace that had been obtained in October 1967 and fed during a feeding trial from mid-November 1967 through April 1968. All samples were analyzed for dicofol (kelthane), tetradifon (tedion), DDT, DDD and DDE. For the pesticide residues in fresh ...