Bladder cancer is the commonest malignancy of the urinary tract. In this review, we look at the latest developments in the diagnosis and management of this condition. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the most important tools in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer. Various alternatives have been investigated, either to reduce the frequency of cystoscopy, or improve its sensitivity for...

OBJECTIVE After endoscopic resection of high-grade superficial urothelial neoplasms (Ta, T1 or Tis), adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is performed routinely to avoid recurrence and/or progression. Vesical biopsies often are performed to assess the efficacy of treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of these biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS During this retr...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to elaborate a predictive model of bladder cancer, in an unselected clinical population submitted to cystoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited consecutive patients that underwent cystoscopy due to suspicion of bladder cancer or surveillance of a previously diagnosed bladder cancer. Urine cytology and a BTA-stat® (BTA) test were carried out for all patients. To...

INTRODUCTION Due to the risk of recurrence and progression, patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer have to be under observation. The aim of this study is the evaluation of early recurrence at the first control cystoscopy, as a prognostic factor for recurrence and progression based on EORTC risk tables. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study analyzed 243 patients with non-muscle-invasive bl...

The assessment of urinary schistosomiasis in individuals coming from endemic areas often requires diagnostic resources not used in areas of exposure in order to determine complications or to establish more precise criteria of cure. Cystoscopy and 24-hour urine examination were performed, after treatments with praziquantel 40 mg/kg body weight, single dose, on 25 Brazilian military men who were ...

Introduction: Bladder melanosis is an extremely rare condition first reported in 1986 and refers to abnormal deposits of melanin in the urothelial bladder cells. Typically, it is considered a benign condition, but it has also been described associated with urothelial carcinoma and melanoma. Its diagnosis may be difficult for most urologists because of its rarity. Case Report: We present the cas...

PURPOSE We determine the value of color mapping of bladder wall thickness for detection of tumor as a component of virtual cystoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 31 subjects with hematuria and/or a history of bladder tumor underwent helical computerized tomography of the pelvis after distention of the bladder with air. Three-dimensional (D) models were constructed, and thickness of the ...

AIM To evaluate the role of repeated urological evaluation after negative initial diagnostic work-up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in low-risk patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Criteria for patient inclusion were a complete negative initial diagnostic assessment including ultrasound (US), cystoscopy, upper urinary tract (UUT) imaging using intravenous urography (IVU) or multiphasic comput...

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, Hexvix blue light cystoscopy (BLC) represents an increasingly acknowledged diagnostic method for patients with bladder cancer. The aim of our study was to establish the place of this procedure in superficial bladder tumors diagnosis and to compare it with standard white light cystoscopy (WLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Between December 2007 and January 2008, WLC and BLC were...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of antegrade flexible cystoscopy in pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDD). Materials and Methods: Between 1999 and 2004, a total of 111 patients with PFUDD were evaluated by antegrade flexible cystoscopy. The flexible cystoscope was introduced into the posterior urethra and the area was evaluated for any pro...