OBJECTIVE The risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher for individuals with a first-degree relative who developed premature CVD (with a threshold at age 55 years for a male or 65 years for a female). However, little is known about the effect that each unit increase or decrease of maternal or paternal age of onset of CVD has on offspring age of onset of CVD. We hypothesized that there is ...

C igarette smoking activates platelets, induces endothelial inflammation, and promotes vascular dysfunction leading to accelerated atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, acute coronary syndromes, and death. Over several decades, notable advances in public policy in the United States have reduced initiation and increased cessation of cigarette smoking, thus lowering the prevalence of tobacco product c...

Salt is an essential mineral to our health that, in its sodium form, involved many functional processes human body. Excessive salt consumption increases the risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The World Health Organization (WHO) United Nations (UN) have identified reduction as one most cost-effective strategies prevent spread non-communicable diseases. objectives prese...

Introduction. The article discusses the results of studies and meta-analyses that have studied risks coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI) stroke in patients with urinary stone (USD). purpose this review is to critically analyze available on association USD CHD stroke, as well evaluate among other cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors assess role metaphylaxis reducing risk. Mater...

Thin films of boron nitride in its sp 2 -hybridized form (sp -BN) have potential uses UV devices and dielectrics. Here, we explore chemical vapor deposition (CVD) -BN on various cuts sapphire: Al O 3 [Formula: see text], (0001) using two CVD processes with different precursors triethylborane trimethylborane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that grows all the sapphire substrates; x...

background: population attributable fraction (paf) is one of the most practical measures for estimating the burden of risk factors with some challenges in its calculation. cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the first cause of death worldwide and the estimation of accurate pafs for cvd risk factors is of great importance in conducting preventive strategies. our aim was to estimate the pafs of cvd r...