An attenuated live bluetongue virus (AL-BTV) serotype 8 vaccine of South African origin was evaluated for its ability to protect sheep against challenge with a European BTV-8 isolated from an outbreak. Two groups of sero-negative sheep were vaccinated with either a single or booster vaccination and challenged subcutaneously 28 days following vaccination. Groups of vaccinated challenged sheep sh...

In 2015, an estimated 101,200 people (95% credible interval (CrI) 97,500–105,700) were living with HIV in the UK. This is equivalent to an HIV prevalence of 1.6 per 1000 individuals, or 0.16% (Figure 1). Of concern, 13,500 (95% CrI 10,200–17,800), or 13% (95% CrI 10–17%) people remain unaware of their infection and are at risk of passing on the virus to others. The new diagnosis rate remains hi...

OBJECTIVES Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that has been shown to have numerous central and peripheral effects. The central effects including GH secretion, food intake, and energy homeostasis are partly mediated by Kiss1- KissR signaling pathway. Ghrelin and its receptor are also expressed in the pancreatic islets. Ghrelin is one of the key metabolic factors controlling insulin secretion from the ...

UNLABELLED Antimicrobial central venous catheters are discussed as a device to reduce catheter-related infections. Previously we have reported a study with 223 adult surgical patients randomized to receive either a rifampicin-miconazole-loaded central venous catheter (CVC) (n=118) or a standard CVC (n=105). The antimicrobial CVC was shown to reduce catheter colonization (CC) and catheter-relate...

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpes virus with poorly understood transmission dynamics. Person-to-person transmission is thought to occur primarily through transfer of saliva or urine, but no quantitative estimates are available for the contribution of different infection routes. Using data from a large population-based serological study (n = 5,179), we provide quantitative estimates of key...

The effects of fentanyl on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and cardiovascular function in mechanically ventilated goats were evaluated using six healthy goats (three does and three wethers). Following induction of general anaesthesia with isoflurane delivered via a mask, endotracheal intubation was performed and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. The baseline MAC...

Previous reports have shown the A/J anti-para-azophenylarsonate (anti-Ar) antibodies that share a major cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) comprise a family of closely related but nonidentical molecules. Serological studies with CRI+ monoclonal anti-Ar antibodies have suggested the presence of a conserved idiotypic determinant within the family. The present study utilized monoclonal ant-idiotypic de...

Thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism is widely used in critically ill patients. However, only limited evidence exists regarding the efficacy and safety of the various thromboprophylaxis techniques, especially mechanical thromboprophylaxis. Therefore, we performed meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the overall incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) for b...

BACKGROUND Humans are able to compensate for low-volume blood loss with minimal change in traditional vital signs. We hypothesized that a novel algorithm, which analyzes photoplethysmogram (PPG) wave forms to continuously estimate compensatory reserve would provide greater sensitivity and specificity to detect low-volume blood loss compared with traditional vital signs. The compensatory reserve...

BACKGROUND Negative margins are associated with reduced risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) for women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS). However, there is no consensus about the best minimum margin width. METHODS We searched the PubMed database for studies of DCIS published in English between January 1970 and July 2010 and examine...