The chemical evolution of the exhaust plumes of ocean-going ships in the cloud-free marine boundary layer is examined with a box model. Dilution of the ship plume via entrainment of background air was treated as in studies of aircraft emissions and was found to be a very important process that significantly alters model results. We estimated the chemical lifetime (defined as the time when diffe...

Increased mass losses from the Greenland ice sheet and inferred contributions to sea-level rise have heightened the need for hydrologic observations of meltwater exiting the ice sheet. We explore whether temporal variations in ice-sheet surface hydrology can be linked to the development of a downstream sediment plume in Kangerlussuaq Fjord by comparing: (1) plume area and suspended sediment con...

Multiple plumes of chlorinated organic compounds (PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE) are present above drinking water standards in groundwater underlying Camp Stanley Storage Activity (CSSA). One such plume has migrated off-post and is now impacting more than 20 drinking water wells within the Middle Trinity Aquifer. The off-post groundwater plume is defined by a series of traditional monitoring wells ...

[1] The trace of the Snake River–Yellowstone hot spot is the world’s best example of a mantle plume that has been overridden by continental lithosphere. The ‘‘standard model’’ calls for the plume head to rise under northern Nevada and be forced northward to form basalts of the Columbia Plateau; subsequent movement of North America to the southwest over the plume tail created a hot spot trace on...

Semianalytical solutions are developed for turbulent hydrogen-air plume. We derived analytical expressions for plume centerline variables radius, velocity, and density deficit in terms of a single universal function, called plume function. By combining the obtained analytical expressions of centerline variables with empirical Gaussian expressions of the mean variables, we obtain semianalytical ...

River plume fronts off NW Iberia during autumn 2002 are examined based on the gradient of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in threedimensional model data and on sea surface temperature gradients in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery. The method reveals new aspects of the dynamics of fronts in the area. The strong gradient of the MLD between the plume and the adjacent ocean serv...

Algorithms have been developed to support quantitative analysis of a gas plume using down-looking airborne hyperspectral long-wave infrared (LWIR) imagery. The resulting gas quantification “GQ” tool estimates the quantity of one or more gases at each pixel, and estimates uncertainty based on factors such as atmospheric transmittance, background clutter, and plume temperature contrast. GQ uses g...

Autonomous vehicles with plume tracing capabilities would be valuable for finding chemical sources in fluid flows. This article considers strategies allowing autonomous vehicles to find and trace an odor plume to its source. These strategies are inspired by the maneuvers of moths flying upwind along a pheromone plume. Although moth maneuvers are well documented, the mechanisms underlying sensor...

During airborne in situ measurements of particle size distributions in a forest fire plume originating in Northern Canada, an accumulation mode number mean diameter of 0.34 μm was observed over Lindenberg, Germany on 9 August 1998. Realizing that this is possibly the largest value observed for this property in a forest fire plume, scenarios of plume ageing by coagulation are considered to expla...