Objective(s): Similar characteristics of molecular pathways between cellular reprogramming events and tumorigenesis have been accentuated in recent years. Reprogramming-related transcription factors, also known as Yamanaka factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC), are also well-known oncogenes promoting cancer initiation, progression, and cellular transformation into cancer stem cells. Long non-co...

Citation: Tian X, Ma J, Wang T, Tian J, Zhang Y, Mao L, Xu H and Wang S (2018) Long Non-Coding RNA HOXA Transcript Antisense RNA MyeloidSpecific 1–HOXA1 Axis Downregulates the Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Lung Cancer. Front. Immunol. 9:473. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00473 long non-coding rna hOXa Transcript antisense rna Myeloid-specific 1–hOXa1 axis Downregul...

lncrnas (long non-coding rnas) are responsible to control the degradation process, rna stability, orchestration, inhibition, transcription and histone modification etc. these rnas have been termed as the key agents of several mechanisms such as development, organogenesis and regeneration of damaged tissues etc. they interact with a number of partner molecules either protein, rnas or dnas and co...

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes death among women worldwide. In particular, triple-negative breast (TNBC) represents aggressive subtype because it characterized by absence molecular targets, thus making an orphan type malignancy. The discovery new druggable targets mandatory to improve treatment success. that context, non-coding RNAs represent opportunity for modulation cancer....

Introduction Approximately three-quarters of the mammalian genome is transcribed into RNA (1–3); however, only a fraction of this transcription produces mRNA, whose mature nucleotide sequence serves as a template for protein synthesis (3). The function of this nonprotein-coding RNA (or noncoding RNA) is mostly obscure, despite a larger number of noncoding genes than protein-coding genes. Given ...

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) in C. elegans has had a major impact on scientific research, led to the rapid development of RNAi tools and has inspired RNA-based therapeutics. Astonishingly, nematodes, planaria and many insects take up double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from their environment to elicit RNAi; the biological function of this mechanism is unclear. Recently, the E. coli OxyS non...

The transcriptional imbalance due to the difference in the number of X chromosomes between male and female mammals is remedied through X-chromosome inactivation, the epigenetic transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in females. The X-linked Xist long non-coding RNA functions as an X inactivation master regulator; Xist is selectively upregulated from the prospective inactive X...

Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a site-specific modification of RNA transcripts, catalyzed by members of the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA) protein family. RNA editing occurs in human RNA in thousands of different sites. Some of the sites are located in protein-coding regions but the majority is found in non-coding regions, such as 3'UTRs, 5'UTRs and introns - mainly in A...

The SUC2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two differently regulated mRNAs (1.8 and 1.9 kilobases) that differ at their 5' ends. The larger RNA encodes a secreted, glycosylated form of invertase and the smaller RNA encodes an intracellular, nonglycosylated form. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the amino-terminal coding region of the SUC2 gene and its upstream flanking regio...