The route of infection can profoundly affect both the progression and outcome of disease. We investigated differences in Drosophila melanogaster defense against infection after bacterial inoculation into two sites--the abdomen and the thorax. Thorax inoculation results in increased bacterial proliferation and causes high mortality within the first few days of infection. In contrast, abdomen ino...

background and aims: in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease, one of diagnostic way is upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which helps in differential diagnosis of unspecified colitis as well. the aim of this study was to investigate the necessity of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.   materials and methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, 3...

REFERENCES 1. Crichton F, Ramsay CF, Pearson D, et al. Oral montelukast in acute asthma exacerbations: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thorax 2011;66:7e11. 2. Moore RP, Berlowitz DJ, Denehy L, et al. A randomised trial of domiciliary, ambulatory oxygen in patients with COPD and dyspnoea but without resting hypoxaemia. Thorax 2011;66:32e7. 3. Churchyard GJ, Fielding K, Suri...

INTRODUCTION Patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) often demonstrate altered timing of thorax rotations in the transverse plane during gait. Increased axial trunk stiffness has been claimed to cause this movement pattern. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess whether axial trunk stiffness is increased in gait in CLBP patients. METHODS 15 CLBP patients and 15 healthy cont...

We determined the angular range of motion and the relative timing of displacement in the thorax, lumbar spine, and pelvis in the transverse plane during treadmill walking at three velocities. Nine healthy young females walked on a treadmill for three minutes at 0.40, 0.93, and 1.47 m/s. The position of seven reflective markers and three rigs placed on the thorax, lumbar spine, and pelvis were r...

background: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (sibo) may have a role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). so, the aim of this study was to assess the association between sibo and ibs by using glucose breath test (gbt) in kerman city as the first study in iranian population. method: 107 patients with ibs and 107 healthy individualswere enrolled in our study. all the part...

(10%) within patients presenting co-morbidities and lower than the overall mortality. This finding reopens the debate about the low acute mortality of patients with COPD presenting with CAP. In fact COPD was a protective factor for treatment failure in one study. 15 Although the rate of acute treatment with steroids in patients with COPD is not reported in the study of Ewig et al, it is highly ...

aphrodisiac, a laxative, a spice, an ingredient in candles and cosmetics, and as a medication for treating a diversity of ailments. Its reputation soon spread around the globe. In those days ambergris was picked up on beaches or found fl oating on the sea, and its origin remained a complete mystery, thus giving rise to many fanciful and hotly debated theories. In 1574 the Flemish botanist Carol...

The quantitative characters in Drosophila such as body size or fecundity, are very sensitive to environmental changes e.g. temperature or larval nutrition under laboratory conditions. In nature, the same situation is found where changes in annual temperature or humidity affect the type of flora as well as the size of Drosophila, fauna. In the present studies, we found that latitudinal clines ex...

based at the BTS, before moving to BMA House, and we are grateful to our first Editorial Assistant Ed Howard who guided us so well in changing to a new on line submission system for Thorax and who managed the journal so efficiently for us until 2006. Ed was also very talented in enabling some of the more ‘social’ aspects of the journal, and we recall some very pleasant dinners both at the annua...