PURPOSE To quantify the amount of bone formation in the calvarial region of Wistar rats after craniotomy using bone wax as a haemostatic agent. METHODS Surgery to produce bilateral, symmetric, full-thickness cranial defects (area: 18 mm(2)) was performed in eight animals. The right side of the cranium remained open and the edges of the left side osseous defect was covered with bone wax. Calva...

The use of calcium phosphates (CaPs) as synthetic bone substitutes should ideally result in a volumetric balance with concomitant formation and degradation. Clinical data on such properties is nevertheless lacking, especially for monetite-based CaPs. However, composite implant has recently shown promising cranial reconstructions, both CaP degradation formation. In this study, the change at site...

Bone defects in revision knee arthroplasty are often located in load-bearing regions. The goal of this study was to determine whether a physiologic load could be used as an in situ osteogenic signal to the scaffolds filling the bone defects. In order to answer this question, we proposed a novel translation procedure having four steps: (1) determining the mechanical stimulus using finite element...

A 25-kDa homodimeric protein was purified from demineralized bovine bone extract and identified as activin A. The bovine bone activin enhanced formation of ectopic bone in rat subcutis when implanted in combination with partially purified bovine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2, BMP-3) in collagen/ceramic carrier. The implants, removed at 14 days, contained markedly elevated levels of alkaline...

INTRODUCTION: The biological response of bones to a mechanical stimulus depends on signal transduction pathways that are not fully elucidated. A wide variety of animal models have been developed in order to examine these signal transduction pathways, one of which is the ulnar compression model. We have used the rat ulna model to study woven bone formation (bone adaptation) in response to fatigu...

We have found that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway exerts exquisite control of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Structurally different inhibitors that bind to specific catalytic beta subunits of the 20S proteasome stimulated bone formation in bone organ cultures in concentrations as low as 10 nM. When administered systemically to mice, the proteaso...

Ectopic bone formation after joint replacement or brain injury in humans is a serious complication that causes immobility of joints and severe pain. However, mechanisms underlying such ectopic bone formation are not fully understood. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) are defined as inducers of ectopic bone formation, and they are regulated by several types of inhibitors. ANA is an antiprolifera...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with skeletal complications, including an increased risk of fractures. Reduced blood supply and bone strength may contribute to this skeletal fragility. We hypothesized that long-term administration of Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, would improve bone architecture and strength of T2DM mice by increasing blood flow to bone, th...

background: there is a controversy about exact time of bone healing. the aim of this study was evaluation of bone formation and change of density after mandibular third molar extraction.     methods: radiographs were taken from 16 empty tooth sockets immediately after extraction of mandibular third molars and 2, 4 and 6 months later under similar condition. the radiographs were digitized and th...

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene delivery has shown to induce bone formation in vivo in cell-based tissue engineering. In addition, the chemoattractant stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α, also known as CXCL12) is known to recruit multipotent stromal cells towards its release site where it enhances vascularisation and possibly contributes to osteogenic differentiation. To investigat...