Diabetes mellitus results from inadequate mass of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by absolute loss of beta cells due to autoimmune-mediated destruction. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by relative deficiency of beta cells due to lack of compensation for insulin resistance. Restoration of deficient beta cell mass by transplantation from exogenous source...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most ordinary form of dementia and extracellular accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques, is an important and a main event in the pathogenesis of AD. Deposition of Aβ Peptide initiates a spectrum of cellular responses that are interposed by the resident neuroimmune cells of the brain, the microglia. Recently, a novel inflammasome signaling&n...

OBJECTIVE Beta-cell regeneration is a fundamental but elusive goal for type 1 diabetes research. Our objective is to review newer human and animal studies of beta-cell destruction and regeneration and consider the implications for treatment of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Recent human and animal studies of beta-cell destruction and regeneration in type 1 diabetes are reviewed....