AT 8.18pm on 2 September 1998, Swissair Flight 111 (SR 111), took off from New York’s JFK airport bound for Geneva, Switzerland. Tragically, the MD-11 aircraft never arrived. According to the crash investigation report, published on 27 March 2003, electrical arcing in the ceiling void cabling was the most likely cause of the fire that brought down the aircraft. No one on board was aware of the ...

Smoke sensor of the photoelectric type is often used in indoor fire detection system. It very sensitive to smoke and will trigger a alarm quickly when presence detected.By making small innovation, this can be implemented outdoors by means IoT as forest early However, typical use without any modification causes sensitivity system low such failing identify actual smoke. To increase systems that s...

This study investigates the response characteristics of smoke detectors based on colors. Experiments white paper fires similar to UL 268 real fire garden test, domestic-type approval reference tests, and black polyurethane foam flammable liquid tests that did not undergo were conducted examine according color. Consequently, all analog (ASDs) subjected experiments, which generated smoke, met ope...

: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) implemented a real-time neural network system which can discriminate mine fires from nuisance diesel emissions as part of an atmospheric mine monitoring system in NIOSH’s Safety Research Coal Mine. The real-time response of a neural network to fire sensor outputs was demonstrated for coal and belt combustion in the presence of ...

The determination of toxic components from fire gases is difficult because the environment is hot, reactions are often temperature dependent, and a lot of soot may be produced. Due to the different properties of the gas components, a different timeconsuming procedure for each species has traditionally been used. The use of FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) spectrometers as a continuous monitori...

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire and smoke transport is described. Combustion is represented by means of a single conserved scalar known as the mixture fraction. Radiation transport is approximated in the gray gas limit. The algorithms have been incorporated in the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a computer program maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technolog...

Building codes of almost all countries generally have a ‘size limitation of building and compartment’ which states a maximum floor area and cubical content for various uses and configuration. If the maximum compartment size is exceeded, there is usually provision for relaxation of the codes which will involve at least some of the following: a) occupancy levels, b) means of escape, c) sprinkler ...

A novel sensing device for fire detection in domestic environments is presented. The fire detector uses a combination of several sensors that not only detect smoke, but discriminate between different types of smoke. This feature avoids false alarms and warns of different situations. Power consumption is optimized both in terms of hardware and software, providing a high degree of autonomy of alm...

A fire developing tendency mathematical model of mine fire zone under positive pressure ventilation was established and was validated based on the particularly serious fire accident of Fuhua “9.20” in Heilongjiang province. Then the law of positive pressure ventilation influence on the fire zone developing tendency and its enlightenment to work safety were obtained. Under positive pressure vent...