The recently identified CD28 homolog and costimulatory molecule programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are homologs of B7, constitute an inhibitory regulatory pathway of potential therapeutic use in immune-mediated diseases. We examined the expression and functions of PD-1 and its ligands in experimental cardiac allograft rejection. In initial studies, we found that m...

anisms are altered in part by the particular disease process and also, at times, by the therapeutic measures used in these disorders. Antimetabolite therapy, for example, can inhibit both primary and secondary antibody responses, impair the development of delayed hypersensitivity, and block homograft rejection.2 Page and coworkers,3 in a study of the effects of 6-mercaptopurine ( 6-MP) on infla...

PURPOSE Between September 20, 1995 and September 20, 1996, 120 patients were entered into a prospective, randomized trial comparing tacrolimus and prednisone with (61) and without (59) 2 gm. mycophenolate mofetil daily to determine whether mycophenolate mofetil was associated with a lower incidence of rejection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mean recipient age plus or minus standard deviation was 50....

Mouse primary skin fibroblasts were infected with a recombinant retrovirus containing human factor IX cDNA. Bulk infected cells capable of synthesizing and secreting biologically active human factor IX protein were embedded in collagen, and the implant was grafted under the epidermis. Sera from the transplanted mice contain human factor IX protein for at least 10-12 days. Loss of immunoreactive...

Kidney transplantation is one of the most common solid organ transplants that improves quality of life and promotes longevity of the patients. However, the access to transplantation is limited by the shortage of deceased donor organs and the presence of HLA antibodies prior transplantation. Many efforts have been made to promote living kidney donation due to the better survival rates, and desen...

Concomitant immunity was evaluated in vivo towards a chemically induced epidermoid carcinoma transplanted in a syngeneic situation. Radiation therapy reversed the declining phase of concomitant immunity associated with tumour progression. The rejection rate of a challenge graft amounted to 82 and 95 per cent, respectively, 2 and 8 days after 25 Gy as compared with 55 and 43 per cent in unirradi...

In experimental transplantation, blockade of CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions has proved effective at permitting long-term graft survival and has recently been approved for clinical evaluation. We show that CD4+ T cell-mediated rejection is prevented by anti-CD40L mAb therapy but that CD8+ T cells remain fully functional. Furthermore, blocking CD40L interactions has no effect on CD8+ T cel...

This paper presents a novel multi-rate digitalcontrol system which preserves stability while providing robustness to time-delay and data loss. In addition, this architecture allows for high-order anti-aliasing filters to be included which do not adversely affect system stability. Therefore, it allows for improved noise-rejection and system performance as compared to traditional digital control ...

OBJECTIVES Delayed graft function affects up to 50% of kidney transplant recipients. Some guidelines recommend surveillance biopsies beginning 7 days after engraftment. This may be unnecessary with anti-thymocyte globulin induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of deceased-donor renal transplant recipients with delayed graft function. RESULTS One hundred eleven p...