Background: To introduce the new-generation super-minipercutaneous (SMP) nephrolithotomy system and describe its application in practice. Methods: We described the technique of SMP in the treatment of renal stones with an emphasis on the devices, indications, technique procedure, advantages, and results. Results: The new-generation SMP endoscopic system consists of an 8 F super-mini nephroscope...

Generally, crop in a greenhouse environment is extremely sensitive and responds negatively to even the slightest of climatic changes. As such, an automated system of irrigation is ideal. Deployed effectively, intelligent wireless sensors can efficiently control the environment and irrigate as necessary. Smart wireless sensors provide an avenue to dynamically control the environment with little ...

INTRODUCTION Occasionally, urologists may see patients requiring temporary bladder irrigation at hospitals without stocks of specialist irrigation apparatus. One option is to transfer the patient to a urology ward, but often there are outstanding medical issues that require continued specialist input. Here, we describe an improved system for delivering temporary bladder irrigation by utilizing ...

with population growing throughout the world, it is necessary to optimize water use,especially in agricultural lands. in order to conduct technical and economical evaluation ofdrip and furrow irrigation methods under deficit irrigation of cotton, a field experiment wascarried out during 2010 growing season at experimental farm of orzoueyeh agricultural andnatural resources research center in ke...

during late nineteenth century, khuzistan was considered to be the most fertile land of persia which at one time had yielded $ 50 million if calculated on 1962 price index. many british officials presented in iran and india office have recorded the abundance of water through a network of five rivers and canals, making khuzistan a fertile ground for major staple and cash crops. at the time when ...

An Egyptian national program targets annual reuse of 2.4 billion m3 of treated wastewater (TWW) to irrigate 84,000 ha of manmade forests in areas close to treatment plants and in the desert. To evaluate the feasibility of such afforestation efforts, we describe information about TWW irrigation strategies based on (1) water use of different tree species, (2) weather conditions in different clima...

The paper is about the water insecurity situation in an irrigation system, factors contributing to the scarcity condition, the role of institutions in reducing water insecurity and its impact of agriculture and livelihoods of poor. The paper also analyses the dynamics of these institutions over a period and their impact on agriculture and livelihoods. These observations are based on a study of ...

BACKGROUND Water influences various physiological and ecological processes of plants in different ecosystems, especially in desert ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of physiological and morphological acclimation of two shrubs Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum mongolicunl to variations in irrigation intervals. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The irrigation ...

In this study, a regional climate model (RCM) is employed to investigate the effect of irrigation on hydrology over California through implementing a “realistic irrigation” scheme. Our results indicate that the RCMwith a realistic irrigation scheme commonly practiced in California can capture the soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) variation very well in comparison with the available in s...