Fiscal policy is defined as the action taken by government, which related to opinion and spending of money. What meant here management state revenues expenditures carried out government a country. Indonesia's fiscal reflected in State Expenditure Opinion Budget (APBN). In APBN, there stipulation regarding allocation distribution finances. Islamic countries, finances handled Bayt al-mal. al-Mal ...

with the advent of islam in iran, many aspects of iranian culture and civilization were changed. one of these areas was the realm of food and customs which finds its final form from second century to seventh century a.d. it was simultaneous with the consolidation of islam dominance in iran during the abbasid caliphate. these changes were injected into iranian society by different pathways. one ...

This paper studies a little known example of how religion and social change were connected in the process of “national modernization” in a land that was, as home of the caliph, the center of the Muslim world. Turkification and Islamization are the major demographic changes in Asia Minor during the 20th century. They resulted from politics that impacted first on the Anatolian Christians but thre...

An anatomical analysis of vegetative organs of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.) cultivars was performed using anatomical and stereological methods. The aim was to determine histological bases of the genotypic differences for digestibility, calculate tissue volume densities (Vv), examine the variability and assess tissue proportions along the stem maturity gradient. As the cultivars sh...

Umar as a caliph well friend of the Apostle has special position in history trajectory. His assertive and rigorous personal attitudes lead him became Khulafa ar Rashidun who is highly respected by Muslims. However, his sparked uproar even fierce opposition among Muslims at that time, especially when he served - it was assumed often ignored disobeyed text Quran Sunnah Prophet Muhammad SAW. This ...

researches support that color is like a force that affects on nervous system and this effect is not less than music and sometimes it may be more than that. poets throughout history have shown great interest in color, but this interest varies from time to time. as at pre-islamic era, color was used in its original meaning in most situations and this view has slowly gone toward using color in sym...

The Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor is one few Byzantine historiographical works in which so much space devoted to Islamic world and first ruling caliphate. Of course, most references Muslims concern mostly military issues – numerous Muslim invasions on lands that were happening almost since beginning Islam. Also important was way treated Islam itself as a religion heresy. Therefore, it h...

Islam is a universal religion and it influenced all over the world with its dispensation. After migration from Makkah to Madinah, Holy prophet PBUH constituted new welfare state. In 8th Hijri after conquest of became dominant in Arabia. It provided great power Muslims challenged strong powerful state Iran Rome. Especially, during pious caliphate 632-661 A.D spread rapidly had become nation worl...

At the Battle of Karbala (680 CE), Umayyad Caliph ordered deaths Prophet’s descendants who Shi’i Muslims believe should inherit leadership Islam. This article explores digitization their commemoration, which has always been transmedial. It analyses livestreams commemorative recitation to consider incorporation digital technologies into arts as embodied translation through symbolic materiality a...