Recent literature presents evidence that men are more competitively inclined than women. Since top-level careers usually require competitiveness, competitiveness differences provide an explanation for gender gaps in wages and differences in occupational choice. A natural question is whether women are born less competitive, or whether they become so through the process of socialization. To pinpo...

The camphanic acid amide 4 has efficiently been oxidized with triphenylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate (3) to yield the chiral N-acyhminium ion 1. Trapping reactions of 1 with the silyl nucleophiles 7a-c and lOa-f proceeded with stereoselective bond formation, affording the diastereomers (R)-8/(S)-9a-c and (R)-ll/(S)-12a-f, respectively, with diastereo selective ties of up to 93.9/6.1. The ami do k...

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Background. Recent data have suggested that polymorphisms in the length of the polyalanine tract (polyA) of FOXE1 gene may act as a susceptibility factor for thyroid dysgenesis. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of polyA of FOXE1 gene on the risk of thyroid dysgenesis. Method. A case-control study was conducted in a sample of 90 Brazilian patients with thyroid dysg...

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by IgG autoantibodies targeting the noncollagenous 16A (NC16A) domain of human collagen 17 (hCOL17), which triggers blister formation via complement activation. Previous in vitro analysis demonstrated that IgG1 autoantibodies showed much stronger pathogenic activity than IgG4 autoantibodies; however, the exact pathogenic role of...

Purified schizonts (6--10 nuclei) and membranes of schizont-infected erythrocytes from the Malaysian and Philippine strain of Plasmodium knowlesi are analyzed immunochemically using immunoglobulin of rhesus monkey hyperimmune sera against schizonts and of sera from naturally immune monkeys. The anti-schizont Ig identifies less than 20 immune components in Triton X-100-solubilized schizonts and ...

Transmembrane protein (TMEM)16A channels are recently discovered membrane proteins that display electrophysiological properties similar to classic Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) (Cl(Ca)) channels in native cells. The molecular identity of proteins that generate Cl(Ca) currents in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of resistance-size arteries is unclear. Similarly, whether cerebral artery SMCs generate Cl(Ca) c...

Recent research results indicated that eddy current conductivity measurements can be exploited for nondestructive evaluation of subsurface residual stresses in surface-treated nickel-base superalloy components. Most of the previous experimental studies were conducted on highly peened (Almen 10-16A) specimens that exhibited harmful cold work in excess of 30% plastic strain. Such high level of co...

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient in humans and must be obtained through the diet. The aim of this study was to determine vitamin C uptake in healthy volunteers after consuming kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. Hort. 16A), and to determine the amount of fruit required to raise plasma vitamin C to 'healthy' (i.e. >50 µmol/l) and 'optimal' or saturating levels (i.e. >70 µmol/l). Leucocyte and ...

BACKGROUND TMEM16A and 16B work as Cl(-) channel, whereas 16F works as phospholipid scramblase. The function of other TMEM16 members is unknown. RESULTS Using TMEM16F(-/-) cells, TMEM16C, 16D, 16F, 16G, and 16J were shown to be lipid scramblases. CONCLUSION Some TMEM16 members are divided into two Cl(-) channels and five lipid scramblases. SIGNIFICANCE Learning the biochemical function of...