The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze whether the wholesale price of apples sold in the Korean action-based wholesale market is statistically significantly different at the aggregate and disaggregate levels, or not. It means that the researchers in this study empirically analyzed to identify day-of-the-week effects in Korean wholesale price of apples. The results of this study sho...

This research investigates the impact of both horizontal and vertical competition, on one hand, strategy types (commitment-based versus contingent-based equilibrium strategies), other pollution accumulated by two supply chains over time. We consider a two-stage game model where manufacturers retailers are involved in wholesale price contract, order to demand finite time horizon. In first stage ...

The scope of a wholesale market may, in addition to demandand supply-side substitution at the wholesale level, also be determined by substitution patterns at the retail level. Considering wholesale broadband access markets, it is argued that each of these forces can be strong enough to render a 5-10% price increase by a hypothetical monopolist at the wholesale level unprofitable and thus may le...

I present a vertical differentiation model to assess the quality-wise strategy of an incumbent telecommunications operator under open access regimes. I show that it is always profitable for an incumbent subject to wholesale regulation to degrade wholesale quality in a non-recoverable fashion. The findings are robust to the number of competitors and the price cap level, unlike those predicted by...

This paper develops a game theoretic model of a one-manufacturer and one-retailer supply chain allowing the second ordering to investigate how to coordinate the order quantity and advertising investment via a markdown money-cooperative advertising contract. We focus on the effects of allowing the second ordering on equilibrium outcome and coordination mechanism. We find: the relationship betwee...

Procurement of manufactured goods and sub-assemblies from distant markets is not a recent phenomenon. Countries with significantly lower labor costs have been providing new opportunities for the large firms of the developed countries for decades. Although it makes higher margins possible for the big brand owners in the domestic and global retail markets, there are obvious risks such as the ones...

Owners of stochastic assets can pool their endowments to smoothen and insure individual payoffs across outcomes and time. We explore, in such a setting, how contingent shadow prices on aggregate resources can be used for three purposes: First, to design mutual contracts for risk averse agents; second, to quantify the malfunctioning of such contracts when there are risk lovers (or scale economie...