Moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen and is a common cause of otitis media in infants and children, causing 15%-20% of acute otitis media episodes. M. catarrhalis causes an estimated 2-4 million exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults annually in the United States. M. catarrhalis resembles commensal Neisseria species in culture and, thus, may be overlo...

Increasing prevalence of upper and lower respiratory tract allergic diseases (rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma) is a serious health issue affecting a major chunk of global population. This impact is even more severe in children due to associated long-term compromises in the quality of life. The available treatment options for upper and lower respiratory tract allergic diseases have major limitat...

The current pandemic of Corona virus disease (COVID) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Commonly the presents as symptoms suggestive upper tract infection to (SARI). However various extra-pulmonary manifestations related gastrointestinal system and hepatobiliary including pancreatitis have been reported quite frequently. Here we report a case COVID-19 who...

INTRODUCTION Respiratory tract infections constitute the most frequent manifestation of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). There are not many papers elucidating gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in such patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders and IBD compared to respiratory tract infections in XLA ind...

Twenty four hour recordings of heart rate and respiration were made on 60 infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) during the acute phase of the illness, on 20 infants with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and on 21 control infants. Infants with LRTI and URTI had more apnoeic episodes of longer than 10 seconds compared with controls. The length of apnoeic episodes was great...

Acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) are the illnesses caused by an acute infection with various viruses and bacteria involving the upper respiratory tract. Shuanghuanglian (SHL) injection, a Chinese medicine intravenous preparation extracted from honeysuckle, Scutellaria baicalensis, and fructus forsythiae, is commonly used to treat AURTIs. Although it is used largely in Chinese h...

UNLABELLED Community interactions at mucosal surfaces between viruses, like influenza virus, and respiratory bacterial pathogens are important contributors toward pathogenesis of bacterial disease. What has not been considered is the natural extension of these interactions to live attenuated immunizations, and in particular, live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs). Using a mouse-adapted LAIV...

BACKGROUND The microbiota of the bovine upper respiratory tract has been recently characterized, but no data for the lower respiratory tract are available. A major health problem in bovine medicine is infectious bronchopneumonia, the most common respiratory syndrome affecting cattle. With this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize and compare the microbial community compositio...

Introducon: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a cutaneous leukocytoclas!c vasculi!s of infants, clinically characterized by acute development of peripheral edema and targetoid purpuric lesions on face and extremi!es. It is considered to be an uncommon form of cutaneous vasculi!s occurring in children younger than 2 years old. The clinical picture has a violent onset, a short beni...

Injuries due to inhalation of hot gas is commonly encountered when dealing with fire and combustible material posing a threat to the human life. Various studies have been carried out in the literature investigating the heat and mass transfer characteristics in the human respiratory tract. This study focuses on assessing the injury taking place in the upper human respiratory tract and identifyin...