Tuliposides, the glucose esters of 4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoate and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutanoate, are major secondary metabolites in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). Their lactonized aglycons, tulipalins, function as defensive chemicals due to their biological activities. We recently found that tuliposide-converting enzyme (TCE) purified from tulip bulbs catalyzed the conversion of tuliposide...

We suggested previously that temperature-dependent tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) petal movement that is concomitant with water transport is regulated by reversible phosphorylation of an unidentified plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP). In this study, four full-length cDNAs of PIPs from tulip petals were identified and cloned. Two PIPs, namely TgPIP1;1 and TgPIP1;2, are members of the PIP1 subfa...

Abstract Tulips ( Tulipa spp.) are one of the most widely appreciated plants worldwide, nevertheless species taxonomy and biogeography often poorly understood. Most wild tulips inhabit mountains Central Asia, a recognised biodiversity hotspot, centre tulip diversity. Despite presence several country-level endemic species, taxa span borders nations. With no globally Red Listed from this region n...

The viruses infecting tulips have a big influence on the yield and the quality of bulbs and forced flowers. Commercial bulb production is based on clonal propagation, which leads to the accumulation of viruses. Among 22 viruses occurring in tulips, the most common and the most dangerous are Tulip breaking virus, TBV; Tobacco necrosis virus, TNV; Lily symptomless virus, LSV; Cucumber mosaic viru...

LOCALIZED phenot.ypic changes in petal color following X-irradiation and acute or chronic gainma irradiation have been reported for several species of higher plants (IBA, MA'rSUBARA, INOKOSHI, OKA and MESHITSUKA 1964; MATSUBARA, IBA, OKA and MESHITSUKA 1964, MoEs 1966; GUPTA and SAMATA 1963, 1964; RICHTER and SINGLETON 1955; SAGAWA and MEHLQUIST 1957; NEZU 1963b; MESHITSUKA, OKA, MATSUBARA and ...