نتایج جستجو برای: transmission routes
تعداد نتایج: 276518 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
background : main technique to control acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv) infection is the effective preventive programs among high-risk groups. modeling is one of the effective methods where there is inadequate data. we used the modes of transmission (mot) model to predict the transmission of hiv infection in iran. methods : we systematically searched published and grey literature to fin...
Demonstration of HIV-1 infected cells in human placenta by in situ hybridisation and immunostaining.
AIMS To show the presence of HIV infected cells in the placentas and membranes exposed to HIV during pregnancy, and to trace the possible transmission routes from mother to fetus. METHODS Twenty three therapeutic abortions and 11 term placentas were investigated for the presence of HIV antigen by immunostaining with HIV core protein specific antibodies and HIV nucleic acids by in situ hydridi...
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that has infected more than half of the world's population. This pathogen colonizes the human gastric mucosa and is usually acquired during childhood. It is an important cause of peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. Among the risk factors for acquisition of H. pylori infection, poor socioeconomic status, poor sanitizati...
Successful antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for mucosal and intravenous HIV-1 transmission could reduce new infections among targeted high-risk populations including discordant couples, injection drug users, high-risk women and men who have sex with men. Targeted antiretroviral PrEP could be particularly effective at slowing the spread of HIV-1 if a single antiretroviral combinati...
BACKGROUND Emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) persist in livestock populations and represent a reservoir for transmission to humans. Understanding the routes of introduction and further transmission is crucial to control this threat to human health. METHODS All reported cases of livestock-associated MRSA (CC398) in humans and pigs in Norway betw...
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis found worldwide that is caused by a spirochete. The main reservoirs of Leptospira, which presents an asymptomatic infection, are wild rodents, including the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). Experimental studies of the mechanisms of its renal colonization in rats have previously used an intraperitoneal inoculation route. However, knowledge of rat-rat transmission requir...
This is a two-part unit on HIV infection and Aids. Part 1 reviewed the evolving global and national epidemiology of HIV infection and Aids. This second part examines routes of transmission, diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment.
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