BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of the suprascapular foramen in West Anatolian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-one dried human scapulae of West Anatolian people of unknown ages and gender belonging to the Anatomy Department Laboratory of Dokuz Eylul University Medical School were examined macroscopically. The vertical and transverse diameters of the ...

Background Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) is pipeline quality gas that is fully interchangeable with fossil natural gas but is produced from a renewable feedstock and can be used as a 100% substitute for, or blended with, conventional natural gas streams [1]. RNG is an important alternative fuel that can help the State of California meet several GHG and renewable energy targets. As a transportatio...

A leaking water pipe bursting high pressure water jet in the soil will create slurry erosion which will eventually erode the adjacent natural gas pipe, thus causing its failure. The standard 300 mm safety distance used to place natural gas pipe away from water pipeline facilities needs to be reviewed to consider accidental damage and provide safety cushion to the natural gas pipe. This paper pr...

In engineering design, material selection is the process of choosing best for a specific via systematic approach. This article described SBR#2 pipeline, which will be installed to flow raw gas from field nearest tie-in point. The starts with design requirement analysis generate primary function and objectives, including its constraints, determine criteria evaluated, screen materials candidates ...

Statoil has designed and tested dual diameter pipeline pigs to perform various tasks during operations, precommissioning and commissioning of the 710km 42"x28" Åsgard pipeline. The concepts developed have been put through a major design and testing program to demonstrate that the various functional requirements have been met. The paper describes the development process as well as field experien...

Mechanical pressure clamps are examples of innovative tools commonly used in the oil and gas industry for arresting leaks from damaged oil and gas pipelines. However, if leaks result from pipeline rupture, clamps are not usually recommended. It is therefore obvious that inspection of the leaking pipeline is very crucial in deciding the strategy for repair. For subsea pipelines where underwater ...

This paper will provide an overview of a patented acoustic technique known as Acoustek ® that has been developed to detect features, such as blockages and leakages in gas pipelines. The technique involves injecting an acoustic, or pressure pulse into the gas within the pipeline. This acoustic pulse will travel as a plane wave along the pipeline and will be partially reflected wherever there is ...

The purpose of this study was assessing health, safety and environmental risk of a gas transfer pipeline in an oily area of Gachsaran. In this method, we used the Kent's pipeline risk assessment method except that to facilitate using the method more practically some changes were exerted into Kent's method. A pipeline with 16 kilometers length was selected considering surrounding nature of the p...

Magnetotelluric (MT) studies can map subsurface resistivity structure and have located zones of low resistivity (high conductivity) within major strike-slip fault zones worldwide which have been interpreted as regions of elevated fluid content. This study describes MT data from the eastern part of the North Anatolian and the East Anatolian Fault Systems (NAFS and EAFS) and presents the results ...