the second law of thermodynamic (entropy principle) is of special theo-philosophical importance. it seems that this law, which is renowned as “the death of software design” and despite the order in the world, is like an incompatible universal. this article examines the concept of entropy in the three temperature, statistic, and information applications and addresses the contradiction of the sec...

SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal, since 1900 the official organ Communications relative to advertising should be addressed of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. to THEO. J. CHRISTENSEN, Massachusetts and Nebraska AyePublished by the American Association for the Advancement nues, Washington 16; D. C. of Science every Friday at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Communications relative to me...

The Generic Frame Protocol (GFP) is an application program interface for accessing knowledge bases stored in frame knowledge representation systems (FRSs). GFP provides a uniform model of FRSs based on a common conceptualization of frames, slots, facets, and inheritance. GFP consists of a set of Common Lisp functions that provide a generic interface to underlying FRSs. This interface isolates a...

Whether Van Gogh (1853–1890) had epilepsy has been subject to doubt and conjecture in the fields of art and medicine. Even epileptologists have had divergent views. Gastaut admitted that Van Gogh had epilepsy, but considered that his seizures were triggered by alcohol [1–3], whereas according to Hughes, Van Gogh more likely suffered from fainting fits [4]. The recent edition of Van Gogh's corre...

Onno W. Akkerman, Richard van Altena, Theo Klinkenberg, Adrienne H. Brouwers, Alphons H.H. Bongaerts, Tjip S. van der Werf and Jan-Willem Alffenaar Dept of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Dept of Nuclear Medicine and Mole...

Andrey V. Kretinin,1,* Hadas Shtrikman,1 David Goldhaber-Gordon,2,1 Markus Hanl,3 Andreas Weichselbaum,3 Jan von Delft,3 Theo Costi,4 and Diana Mahalu1 1Braun Center for Submicron Research, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 2Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA 3Physics Department, Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theor...

of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease: Report of an International Conference Lisa M. Guay-Woodford, MD, John J. Bissler, MD, Michael C. Braun, MD, Detlef Bockenhauer, MD, Melissa A. Cadnapaphornchai, MD, Katherine M. Dell, MD, Larissa Kerecuk, MD, Max C. Liebau, MD, Maria H. Alonso-Peclet, MD, Benjamin Shneider, MD, Sukru Emre, MD, Theo Heller, MD, Binita M. Kamath, MD, Karen F. Murr...

Acknowledgements: The additional participating principal investigators of the Amsterdam BHD working group were Marianne A. Jonker (Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam the Netherlands), Arjan C. Houweling (Dept of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center), Quinten Waisfisz (Dept of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center), Johannes J.P. ...