Methods 17 pCD patients with granulomas were genotyped for CD-associated mutations or polymorphisms in NOD2 and autophagy-related genes ATG1 and ATG16L1. Granulomas were found in intestinal biopsies of 22 out of 83 endoscopic and 9 out of 12 surgical procedures. Of each procedure we selected one biopsy per organ to study the cellular composition and cytokine profile of granulomas. We stained 43...

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease where controversy on Th1/Th2 balance dominates. We investigated whether the recently discovered Th17 pattern was present in SSc. Methodology and Principal Findings: Patients were subdivided as having limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc, n = 12) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc, n = 24). A further arbitrary subdivision was made between early ...

Oncolytic viruses, including oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), have produced provocative therapeutic responses in patients with glioblastoma, the most aggressive brain tumor. Paradoxically, innate immune responses mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages/microglia appear to limit oHSV efficacy. Therefore, we investigated whether pretreatment with an immunosuppressive cytokine,...

Purpose: The expression of LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) was upregulated in colorectal cancer cases, thereby contributing to the aggressive phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells. However, we still cannot decipher the underlying molecular mechanism associated with colorectal cancer metastasis. Experimental Design: In this study, IHC was performed to investigate the expression of proteins in huma...

SND1 is an AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC-binding protein that is upregulated in numerous human cancers, where it has been assigned multiple functional roles. In this study, we report its association with the TGFb1 signaling pathway, which promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer. SND1 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues, in particular in primary invasive ductal carcinomas. Tran...

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) is a potent inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Of all members the TGFb receptor family only TGFbR2 capable direct binding to ligand. In experimental conditions interactions were shown between and AR signaling pathways, often leading negative feedback loops. However, data on expression levels both receptors in clinical cancer samples are scarce. ...

IL-27 and TGFb mediated expansion of Th1 and adaptive regulatory T cells expressing IL-10 correlates with bacterial burden and disease severity in pulmonary tuberculosis Nathella P. Kumar, Kadar Moideen, Vaithilingam V. Banurekha, Dina Nair, Rathinam Sridhar, Thomas B. Nutman, & Subash Babu National Institutes of Health—International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India National In...