A thiophosphoramide-based co-catalyst was found to significantly accelerate copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate-catalyzed arylation of potassium carboxylates with diaryliodonium salts. This effect could be attributed to counterion activation of diaryliodonium salts or organocopper intermediates by thiophosphoramides. Inclusion of thiophosphoramides permits achieving significantly milder reacti...

A series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorocomplex salts (C(x)MImAF(6), x = 14, 16 and 18, A = P, As, Sb, Nb and Ta) have been characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy. A liquid crystalline mesophase is observed for all the C(16)MIm and C(18)MIm salts. The C(14)MIm(+) cation gives a liquid crystalline mesophase only with PF(6)(-). The temperat...

A unique and facile method was developed to synthesize a new class of energetic salts based on 2-amino-1,1,5,5-tetranitro-4-oxo-3-aza-pentene. All the salts were fully characterized by NMR (1H and 13C), IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the crystal structure of the guanidinium salt (5) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The differential scanning calorimetry (...

Asymmetric hydrogenation of quinazolinium salts was catalysed by halogen-bridged dinuclear iridium complexes bearing chiral diphosphine ligands, yielding tetrahydroquinazoline and 3,4-dihydroquinazoline with high enantioselectivity. A derivative of chiral dihydroquinazoline was used as a chiral NHC ligand.

A series of benzobisimidazolium salts 1a-d has been prepared by tetraalkylation of benzobisimidazol. The salts 1a-d react with two equivalents of [Pt(Cl)2dppe] in the presence of 2.2 equivalents of sodium acetate to yield the dinuclear biscarbene complexes 2a-d. Under the same reaction conditions, the benzobisimidazolium salts react with only one equivalent of [Pt(Cl)2dppe] and one equivalent o...

3,4-Bis(1H-5-tetrazolyl)furoxan (H(2)BTF, 2) and its monoanionic salts that contain nitrogen-rich cations were readily synthesized and fully characterized by multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (13)C) and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analyses. Hydrazinium (3) and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium (7) salts crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n and have calcula...

The equivalent conductivity of molten salts containing more than two ion constituents will be discussed using the equivalent fractions (Äquivalentanteile). The ionic conductivities of the ion constituents follow from this equivalent conductivity and the transport numbers. The electrical transport phenomena are referred to the idealized ionic melt which is defined by the limiting values of the i...

The ability of triazolium salts to serve as a precatalyst for both an acid and a powerful base/nucleophile (controlled by additives) has been exploited in a process characterised by a unique in situ catalyst modification strategy.

N-Alkylnitrilium and N,N-dialkylcyanamidium salts 1 and 2 undergo ene reactions with cyanamides 4 to afford 2-azoniaallene salts 7 and 9 in which the N-alkylnitrilium salts 1 react as the ene, and the cyanamides 4 react as the enophile components. Competing with the ene reaction, N-alkylnitrilium salts 1 undergo [2++2+2] cycloaddition to furnish triazinium salts 8. 2-Azoniaallene salts react wi...

The occurrence of p1,n1 salts can be exploited to sequester racemates; an application to technical mixtures of chrysanthemic acids (ChA) allowed the separation of trans- and cis-ChA and the recovery of the excess enantiomer of trans-ChA.