This study was carried out to evaluate the residual effect of three larvicides under laboratory conditions for 100 days in Aedes aegypti. The larval mortality rate was measured without water renewal or with daily water renewal (80%). With temephos, there was 100% mortality in both groups until the 70th day. In the Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti)-WDG test, there was no difference during...

This study was conducted to investigate the preliminary environmental and mammalian toxicology of neem oil, temephos and chlorpyriphos-methyl/fenitrothion. Culex pipiens, Daphnia magna and Gambusia affinis were used to study environmental impact. A high level of toxicity was observed, with slight differences between organisms. The emulsifiers individually also displayed toxicity towards the tes...

Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of filariasis (elephantiasis) and Japanese encephalitis. Filariasis still an unresolved disease in Indonesia. The use temephos as chemical larvicide repeatedly causes environmental pollution difficult to decompose, so the World Health Organization recommends looking for alternative effects. Gotu kola leaf extract contains metabolic substances such steroids,sap...

Since the reintroduction of Aedes aegypti in Brazil in the 1980s, insecticide use for its control is routine. The chemical control efficacy is threatened by vectors developing resistance to insecticides. The World Health Organization, recognizing the impact of insecticide resistance in vector control programmes, proposed standardizing bioassays for detecting and monitoring resistance using a di...

Five organophosphates (OPs) (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl, fenthion, malathion, and temephos), 3 pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cypermethrin, and permethrin), and 2 microbial pesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis serovar.israelensis [B.t.i.] and Bacillus sphaericus) were tested as larvicides against a Florida Aedes albopictus population colonized in the laboratory. In addition, 3 insect growth regu...

INTRODUCTION The effects of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the toxicity of the organophosphate temephos (TE) and the role of esterases in the resistance of Aedes aegypti to this insecticide were evaluated. METHODS A. aegypti L4 larvae susceptible and resistant to TE were pre-treated with PBO solutions in acetone at concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% for 24h and subsequently exposed to...