which either decreases tear production or increases tear evaporation (Figure 1). Increased tear osmolarity is the link between changes in the lacrimal glands and lids, and disease of the ocular surface. Studies of pre-clinical models of lacrimal gland disease and meibomian gland dysfunction show that the ocular surface changes of dry eye disease are dependent upon and proportional to increases ...

The tear film cytokine profiling data in this article was obtained from a prospective case-control study with a sample size of 34 dry eye disease (DED) patients with HIV infection and 32 DED patients without HIV infection, see "A distinct cytokines profile in tear film of dry eye disease (DED) patients with HIV infection" (R. Agrawal, P.K. Balne, A. Veerappan, V.B. Au, B. Lee, E. Loo, A. Ghosh,...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate tear levels of neuromediators in patients with dry eye disease and to identify statistical correlations with the clinical findings. METHODS Nineteen patients with dry eye disease (Sjögren syndrome, n = 5 patients; non-Sjögren syndrome, n = 10; and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, n = 4) and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The eyes of all participants were evaluated b...

PURPOSE To evaluate the use of tear osmolarity in the diagnosis of dry eye disease. DESIGN A prospective, observational case series to determine the clinical usefulness of tear osmolarity and commonly used objective tests to diagnose dry eye disease. METHODS A multicenter, 10-site study consisting of 314 consecutive subjects between 18 and 82 years of age. Bilateral tear osmolarity, tear fi...

PURPOSE Interferometric methods have considerable potential for studying the thickness of layers of the human tear film and cornea because of their ability to make noninvasive, accurate, and rapid measurements. However, previous interferometric studies by Prydal and Danjo yielded tear thickness values near 40 and 11 microm, respectively, considerably greater than estimates made by invasive meth...

IMPORTANCE Botulinum toxin injection for lateral canthal rhytids has been reported to result in dry eye, but its effect on tear film stability and tear production has not been studied thoroughly. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A on tear film stability and tear production after treatment of lateral canthal rhytids. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) accumulate in the tears of patients with active peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) but it is unknown whether these enzymes have a central role in disease progression. The aims of the present investigation were to determine the source of these enzymes and to ascertain whether their accumulation in tears is a phenomenon specific to PUK or a gene...