Objectives: Doping use is an ongoing concern in both competitive and recreational sports. The present study set out to investigate the effects of a self-affirmation intervention on the decision-making process relevant to doping among elite athletes who were doping users. Design: A between subject experimental design was employed. Method: Sixty competitive athletes using doping substances took p...

This study was designed to define the most important factors to predict freestyle performance times in 135 elite master swimmers by prediction models which include age, anthropometric and strength variables. To cross validate these equations found for Elite swimmers, we used a group composed by 126 lower technical level age and experience matched master swimmers. Results demonstrated that age, ...

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The article discusses the relationship between political parties and the state in Estonia. The analysis focuses on the development of a legal framework for political parties, different trends in public party financing, and the circulation of people between political and administrative elites. Elite circulation is examined by looking at the movement of people from political to bureaucratic posit...

In der Chirurgie spielte Training schon immer eine wichtige Rolle. Mit der Einführung minimal-invasiver Verfahren ist der Bedarf deutlich gestiegen. Neben dem Tiermodell konnte der Anwender bisher nur auf Boxoder virtuelle Trainer zurückgreifen. ELITE (endoskopisch-laparoskopische interdisziplinäre Trainingseinheit) ist ein neues voll-synthetisches ex-vivo Trainingsmodell, mit dem die unterschi...

The paper describes the elite urban Merina social construction of côtiers women’s sexual identity in Antananarivo. It juxtaposes social hierarchy within women’s sex work to the broader systemof social stratification in the city of Antananarivo. Specifically, drawing from ethnically-basedimagined distinctions between street and nightclub-based sex work, this paper discusses theimport...

The 1960s represent an important chapter in U.S. business history, partly because they ushered in a new tactic of corporate combination-the predatory takeover Predatory takeovers not only facilitate the restructuring of corporate enterprises, they also alter the internal structure of the business elite. We explore the factors that led large corporations to be acquired through friendly and preda...

Cows with superior genetic merit, based on an economic index for milk, fat, and yields (milk-fat-protein dollars), have been designated as elite by USDA. Because of the concern that adjustment for heterogeneous variance may have resulted in inequitable state representation for elite cows, the percentages of US cows with elite status were compared by state using evaluations of registered Holstei...

As scientists’ careers unfold, mobility can allow researchers to find environments where they are more productive and more effectively contribute to the generation of new knowledge. In this paper, we examine the determinants of mobility of elite academics within the life sciences, including individual productivity measures and for the first time, measures of the peer environment and family fact...

OBJECTIVE Athlete development and management encompass a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Within elite sport, multidisciplinary sport science and medicine teams play an important role in achieving an optimal balance between preventing athlete ill-health and optimizing health and performance. The psychological aspects of athlete health and performance have ga...