The main results derived from the ozone pre-treatment of grain straw are shown. The use of ozone reduced acid insoluble lignin content in grain straw, whereas acid soluble lignin increased. This fact resulted in a more accessible structure to enzymes leading to higher enzymatic hydrolysis yield. Ozone consumption after 2.5 h reaction time was about 0.10-0.12 g/g DS, independently of the type of...

13 The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of torrefaction on the grindability of wheat straw. 14 Straw samples were torrefied at temperatures between 200 ̊C to 300 ̊C and with residence times between 0.5 to 15 3 hours. Spectroscopic information obtained from ATR-FTIR indicated that below 200 ̊C there was no obvious 16 structural change of the wheat straw. At 200-250 ̊C hemice...

An important issue in the use of expert sys tems is the so called brittleness problem Ex pert systems model only a limited part of the world While the explicit management of uncertainty in expert systems mitigates the brittleness problem it is still possible for a system to be used unwittingly in ways that the system is not prepared to address Such a situation may be detected by the method of s...

Use of sexed semen for artificial insemination of US Holstein heifers (1.3 million breedings) and cows (10.8 million breedings) in Dairy Herd Improvement herds was characterized by breeding year, parity, service number, region, herd size, and herd milk yield. Sexed semen was used for 1.4, 9.5, and 17.8% of all reported breedings for 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, for heifers, and for 0.1, ...

paddy straw is one of the most abundant agricultural by-products in tamil nadu, india. itcontains high amounts of cellulose and lignin. the fungal strains were isolated from naturally decomposingsites of paddy straw. eight fungal strains were isolated and later these eight fungi were used for finding outtheir potential for the degradation of lignin and cellulose content of paddy straw. among ei...

BACKGROUND This study was done to characterize parameters associated with semen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load (VL) variability in HIV-infected, therapy-naive men. METHODS Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 30 HIV-infected, therapy-naive men who have sex with men, and 13 participants were observed longitudinally for up to 1 year. Human i...

The experiment was carried out at District Artificial Insemination (AI) Center at Khulna to evaluate the conception rate of frozen semen and locally produced liquid semen. Frozen semen from five different genotypes (Local, Sahiwal×Friesian, (Local×Friesian)2×Friesian, (Local×Friesian)×(Local×Frisian×Friesian), Local×Friesian) of bulls was taken which was served by Central Cattle Breeding Statio...

Development of insecticide resistance in onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), populations in onion (Allium spp.) fields and the incidence of the T. tabaci transmitted Iris yellow spot virus have stimulated interest in evaluating alternative management tactics. Effects of straw mulch applied in commercial onion fields in muck areas of western New York were assessed in ...

Two lamb trials were conducted to determine the effects of particle length (PL; 2.5 vs 10 cm) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment (0 vs 4%) of wheat straw on dry matter (DM) intake and site and extent of DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion. Lambs in the first trial were fed ad libitum once daily. Lambs in the second trail were fed four t imes/d at 6-h intervals and were sacrificed ...

Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms (Eisenia fetida) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biolo...