Molecular dynamic simulations were carried out on rigid diatomic molecules, which exhibit both α (structural) and β (secondary) dynamics. The relaxation scenarios range from onset behavior, in which a distinct α process emerges on cooling, to merging behavior, associated with two relaxation peaks that converge at higher temperature. These properties, as well as the manifestation of the β peak a...

The engine and its exhaust flow behaviors are investigated in a turbo-charged gasoline direct injection engine under simulated cold-fast-idle condition. The metrics of interest are the exhaust sensible and chemical enthalpy flows, and the exhaust temperature, all of which affect catalyst light off time. The exhaust sensible enthalpy flow is mainly a function of combustion phasing; the exhaust c...

Exercise-induced increases in core body temperature could negative impact performance and may lead to development of heat-related illnesses. The use of cooling techniques prior (pre-cooling), during (per-cooling) or directly after (post-cooling) exercise may limit the increase in core body temperature and therefore improve exercise performance. The aim of the present review is to provide a comp...

BACKGROUND Male infertility is a significant contributor to the need for fertility treatment. Treatment currently involves correcting any identifiable adverse lifestyle factors in men with suboptimal sperm parameters, and if these measures are unsuccessful, assisted conception is offered, which can be quite expensive. Raised scrotal temperature is one of the least studied but easily corrected r...

INTRODUCTION Induction methods for therapeutic cooling are under investigated. We compared the effectiveness and safety of cold infusions (CI) and nasopharyngeal cooling (NPC) for cooling induction in stroke patients. METHODS A prospective, open-label, randomised (1:1), single-centre pilot trial with partially blinded safety endpoint assessment was conducted at the neurointensive care unit of...

The largest eruption of a tropical volcano during the past millennium occurred in AD 1258–1259. Its estimated radiative forcing was several times larger than the 1991 Pinatubo eruption1. Radiative forcing of that magnitude is expected to result in a climate cooling of about 2 C (refs 2–5). This effect, however, is largely absent from tree-ring reconstructions of temperature6–8, and is muted in ...

As commercial and military aircraft engines approach higher total temperatures and increasing overall fuel-to-air ratios, there exists a potential for significant heat release to occur in the turbine if energetic species emitted from the combustor are further oxidized during interaction with film-cooling flows. Currently there is little basis for understanding the effects on aero-performance an...

I study non-radiative cooling of X-ray emitting gas via heat conduction along magnetic field lines inside magnetic flux loops in cooling flow clusters of galaxies. I find that such heat conduction can reduce the fraction of energy radiated in the X-ray band by a factor of ∼ 1.5− 2. This non-radiative cooling joins two other proposed non-radiative cooling processes, which can be more efficient. ...

OBJECTIVE Hypothermia has been shown to reduce neurologic deficits in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It was not clear if intravascular cooling is superior to standard external cooling in inducing hypothermia. Goal of this study was to compare intravascular cooling with an automated cooling device with external cooling in everyday practice on a cardiac-care ICU (intensive ca...

Air pre-cooling equipment is normally being employed in air-conditioning systems for pre-cooling the ambient outdoor air to enhance the air-conditioning systems performance. In this study, the potential of a passive water-to-air heat pipe based heat exchanger (HPHEX) for air pre-cooling purpose in air-conditioning systems for the high cooling load demanding regions of Iran was investigated. To ...