Background and Aims: Vaccine is available, but fetal infection with rubella virus is still a main cause of congenital birth defects and mental retardation in many countries. Mass vaccination campaigns and Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) have increased vaccine coverage in the world with a substantial impact on the reduction of rubella infections, such as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)....

BACKGROUND Most cases of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occur in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently recommended that countries accelerate the uptake of rubella vaccination and the GAVI Alliance is now supporting large scale measles-rubella vaccination campaigns. We performed a review of health economic evaluations of rubella and CRS...

This is the fourth report of a series on the surveillance of congenital rubella by the National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Programme using methods previously described in the BM7.'-3 We present data on 763 children (including nine co-twins, that is, nine pairs) classified by the Northern and Southern Registries of the National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Programme as cases of confirmed...

Two infants with congenital rubella defects (congenital rubella syndrome) have been reported from Queensland in 2003, after an increase in rubella in that State in 2001-2002. The national Measles Control Campaign in 1998 aimed to give measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to all unvaccinated preschoolers and a second dose to primary schoolchildren. Following the Campaign no children with congenit...

OBJECTIVE To simulate different immunisation programs against rubella and estimate the proportion of the population susceptible to rubella infection of each. METHODS The impact of 3 immunisation schedules on the susceptibility of women of childbearing age and the community to rubella infection was simulated using a probabilistic approach. The first schedule involved selective immunisation of ...

INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of universal rubella vaccination in 1989, the incidence of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Australia has declined significantly. Worldwide, there has been a focus on elimination, with the region of the Americas declaring rubella elimination in 2011. This study aims to review Australian rubella epidemiology for the 2008-2012 period, in the con...

Overview of Persistent Rubella Infection and Autism Induction in Pregnancy Idea 3 Why Might Vaccine-Strain Rubella Virus Persist in Some Females? 3 Questions about RA27/3 Strain of Rubella Vaccine 4 What Data in the Literature & What Facts May Support these Ideas? 4-9 Concluding Remarks & Requests 9 A Final Data Point & Questions 10 References 11 Appendix A: Information provided from CBER/FDA o...

The Measles and Rubella (MR) vaccination was declared haram by the Indonesian Ulema Council. However, it can still be used in an emergency. This makes parents hesitate to vaccinate their children with measles rubella vaccine. In addition, various effects of like autism, fever, death are also spread on social media. Vaccination is one interventions health sector that expected reduce mortality fr...

In this short report we highlight the importance of implementing good immunization programs adapted to the epidemiological situation of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), discuss the influence of massive immigration and stress the need to improve surveillance and control by implementing comprehensive national surveillance and promoting awareness among primary healthcare workers and ...

BACKGROUND Clinical diagnosis (surveillance) of rubella is unreliable and laboratory confirmation is essential. Detection of virus specific IgM in serum is the most commonly used method. However, the use of serum necessitates the drawing of blood, either through venipuncture or finger/heel prick, which can be difficult in young babies. Oral fluid samples have proved useful as an alternative, le...